Dickens and his Stucture Of Hard Times Essay -- essays research papers

On every page Hard Times manifests its identity as a polemical work, a critique of Mid-Victorianindustrial society dominated by materialism, acquisitiveness, and ruthlessly competitive capitalisteconomics (Lodge 86). The quotation above illustrates the behind for Hard Times. Charles Dickens presents in his novel a specific structure to expose the evils and abuses of theVictorian Era. Dickens use of plot and fountization relate without delay to the structure on accountthat it shows his view of the mistreatments and evils of the Victorian Era, along with his effort toexpose them through literary methods. A befitting display of structure is homely through hisgiving name to the three books contained in Hard Times. The titles of the three appropriatelynamed books are an allusion to the Bible, and are also given a further corrupt in Gradgrindsrecommendation to Plant nothing else and root out everything else (except facts) (Lodge 91).In the first book, titled Sowing, we are introduce d to those that Dickens creates a firmcharacter basis with. The opening chapter emphasizes on Thomas Gradgrind Sr., and his studentsfittingly referred to as vessels before him ready to have imperial gallons of facts poured into themuntil they are filled to the brim (Dickens 12). Gradgrinds methods of reading are employed toshow Dickens view on the evil of the educational system. Among the vessels are Bitzter andSissy Jupe. They exemplify two entirely d...

Age Of Discovery Essay -- essays research papers

What were the Effects of the Age of Discovery?The Age of Exploration was a time of struggle and wealth for many European countries. The pursuit of a hand route to the Far East lead many countries across the ocean, looking for the great spice cities that were ruto a greater extentd by Marco Polo. These countries knew that whoever found the shortest or best route would become rich, very quickly. Explorers from many European countries embarked on journeys that not even they had any clue where they were going. This search for the Far East led to many discoveries that would otherwise have never been found.Christopher Columbus may have been one of the most influential people ever to live. His pursuit of the spice trade routes led him to a completely new continent. While he first thought it was Asia, later explorers found it to be a new continent. It was very apparent that someone other than Columbus would have eventually found the New World, but he was the first, which makes him the mo st important.The New World proved to be a blockbuster as far as the other &8220finds during this time period. The impact, both directly and indirectly on the lives of the Europeans was tremendous. It promoted wealth and it led to a desire for more explorers. The competition of the countries was amazing. There was always a race to see who would start the first colony, who would explore the continent, and of course wh...

What is truth? :: essays research papers

What is rectitude? That is the question Pontius Pilate asked rhetorically as he cancelled away from the battered and bloody man standing before him, The Man who was, and still is, the Answer to that question. In todays worldespecially Europe, but also the USA to a lesser but still very significant extentthe very concept of equity itself is being dismissed by many who are caught up in postmodern thinking. This mindset holds that truth is only a construction by the culture or the individual, so that what may be lawful for one is not true for another. Thus, truth is relative. Necessarily, the meaning of words is not fixed, but a function of interpretation, so that each mortal can construct his own meanings for them. Adhering to that fallacy leads only to external chaos and internal emptiness.What is truth? An English dictionary says That which is in accordance with fact or reality that which actually is. In Scripture, the Greek word translated truth is aletheia, which means the revealed reality, or the essence, of something. That is, what you see is what you get.In Matthew 151-9 and Mark 71-13, Jesus contrasted truth with tradition. Replying to the hypocritical Jewish religious leaders who criticized his disciples for failing to adhere to one of the many extraneous requirements they had added to Gods Word, he said Thus you subjugate the word of God for the sake of your tradition.What is tradition? That word is translated from paradosis, which appears 13 times in the Greek text. It simply means delivering over from one to another. The context determines whether what was delivered was truth or whether it was the ideas of men that oppose the truth. Ten times it is used in the latter sense, and three times it is used in a positive sense, referring to true teachings, in the NIV, passed on by Paul to others.

Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Education Teachers Essays

Teaching Philosophy StatementChildren by nature ar human sponges. They absorb information on many varied levels, intellectually, emotionally, physically, etc. Their lives are mapped out by experiences, what they learn, and where they learn it. School is the first opportunity for children to learn, to experience, and to see where their lives are headed. All children have the right to an education. One that focuses on their individual needs and an education that will make them learn and feel good about themselves.School should always be challenging. Children need to understand that they are responsible for who they are and who they become. They need to be taught that school is the beginning step to success. The more you learn and absorb the more power and opportunities you will have afterward in life. Between knowledge and self-esteem (that should be taught in schools), kids should be able to walk away from high school with the knowledge that they have authentic and a head full o f ideas on where to go from there. People as a society need to raise the bar on our educational standards. The article of belief styles that were seen as exceptional in the 1950s should not be seen as exceptional today. Kids need to be taught that they potful reach for the stars and beyond. Everyone is special and with work can have the same opportunities as anyone else.Education is a tool that provides many aspects of learning into a nicely gift-wrapped package. Education teaches skills that help children move from sort to alum but also from childhood into adulthood with acute readiness. Education is important not only for the knowledge that is obtained, but also for the value it holds in todays society. Jobs are not as obtainable as they once were without some form of higher education. Education is also important because it brings people together. Families are able to communicate with more ease. Nations are able to trade and help in times of need. Learning is education and th e education of learning starts in the classroom.In my classroom I hope to accomplish all the textbook materials for the grade I am teaching so that my students may advance to the next grade level with ease. I also hope to accomplish new fun ways of teaching my students self-discipline and self-esteem. Teaching children at such a young person age is crucial. I believe that early education teachers help to pave a students road through school and life.

Teletubbies Essay -- Teletubbies Toddler Learning Education Essays

Teletubbies Who (or what) are the Teletubbies? Many people are familiar with this relatively new cultural phenomenon, solely for those who are not, they are rather hard to describe. They appear on a PBS television program designed for toddlers. One newspaper writer has describe them as four roly-poly futuristic rugrats. They are brightly colored, alien-like technological babies, complete with baby talk and giggles. They live in a hilly, pastoral land, effective of flowers and bunnies and sunshine, as well as technological gadgets, such as their caretaker/vacuum cleaner named Noo-Noo. They each have their own per give-and-takealities and favorite toys, and they have taken America, as well as much of the world, by storm. PBS contends that the television series is designed to encourage curiosity and to stimulate imagination in young children to suspensor them learn. The creators of the program, which began in Britain, conducted research with children, nursery school teachers , and linguists. The co-creator and writer, Andrew Davenport, has a degree in Speech Sciences. Teletubbies makes use of bright colors, music, repetition, and a slow pace, because this is how young children learn, according to the on-line(prenominal) research on education. Michael Brunton, in an article in Time, said that people are missing the point when they criticize the repetition and hear the baby-talk of the teletubbies. Teletubbies is in situation closely modeled around the latest theories of speech that identify patterns of movement, a sing-song voice,...repetition and social interaction as key building blocks. These views have been widely publicized, as has been the idea that young children learn the most, and most rapidly, before the age of three. PBS also... ...eir tummies come from--the devil? The shows repetition and music, and use of objects that are familiar to children seemed to be the key. My son was very attentive during all 3 chances. He said, girl and book, bucket and rabbit, and baby as the cute sun with the baby lawsuit in it came on. The show uses things that are common in the world of children, and they are confident in themselves when they recognize these things. My son would look at me and smile as he recognized each object and said each word. Ok, so by the 3rd episode my husband went to wash the dishes. By the 3rd episode my 2 year old wanted to stand right in front of the television. After 1 1/2 hours of watching the Teletubbies, my husband asked my son, atomic number 18 you brainwashed yet. I think I am. I feel like having some tubby custard. This is about as harmful as the teletubbies get.

Teletubbies Essay -- Teletubbies Toddler Learning Education Essays

Teletubbies Who (or what) are the Teletubbies? Many people are familiar with this relatively new cultural phenomenon, but for those who are not, they are rather hard to describe. They appear on a PBS television program designed for toddlers. atomic number 53 newspaper writer has described them as four roly-poly futuristic rugrats. They are brightly colored, alien-like technological babies, complete with baby talk and giggles. They live in a hilly, pastoral land, full of flowers and bunnies and sunshine, as well as technological gadgets, such as their caretaker/vacuum cleaner named Noo-Noo. They each have their own personalities and deary toys, and they have taken America, as well as much of the world, by storm. PBS contends that the television series is designed to encourage curiosity and to stimulate caprice in young children to help them learn. The creators of the program, which began in Britain, conducted research with children, nursery school teachers, and linguist s. The co-creator and writer, Andrew Davenport, has a degree in Speech Sciences. Teletubbies makes use of bright colors, music, repeating, and a tardily pace, because this is how young children learn, according to the current research on education. Michael Brunton, in an article in Time, said that people are missing the point when they criticize the repetition and hear the baby-talk of the teletubbies. Teletubbies is in fact closely modeled around the latest theories of speech that identify patterns of movement, a sing-song voice,...repetition and social interaction as key make blocks. These views have been widely publicized, as has been the idea that young children learn the most, and most rapidly, before the age of three. PBS also... ...eir tummies come from--the devil? The shows repetition and music, and use of objects that are familiar to children seemed to be the key. My son was very attentive during all 3 episodes. He said, girl and book, bucket and rabbit, and bab y as the guileful sun with the baby face in it came on. The show uses things that are common in the world of children, and they are confident in themselves when they recognize these things. My son would nip at me and smile as he recognized each object and said each word. Ok, so by the 3rd episode my husband went to break the dishes. By the 3rd episode my 2 year old wanted to stand right in front of the television. After 1 1/2 hours of watching the Teletubbies, my husband asked my son, Are you brainwashed yet. I think I am. I feel like having some tubby custard. This is about as subtle as the teletubbies get.

Aboriginal and Western Conceptions of Land

The indigens are historically considered as the autochthonic people of the Australian continent because no other history about this race has been discovered except from their d wellheading place. According to archaeological excavations, the Australian continent has been inhabited by human beings for at least 50,000 years and the Aborigines have al modes claimed that they have lived here since the era of creation.Although this belief gives room for primary oral traditions, stories have oftentimes occurred about ancestral figures that arrived here by canoe from overseas. For many years, the Australian Aborigines were able to live a hunter and gatherer type of lifestyle more often than not because such a lifestyle was not only suitable for this dry continent, but also because European agricultural lifestyle was to fail drastically here.The pre-historic Aborigine population had food-rich habits such as large in subvert rivers, lakes and the coasts that enabled large groups of these people to live together for a certain duration a style of vitality that remained stable for over 50,000 years until 1788 when Europeans established settlement in this solid ground and led to a near fatal impact on the Aboriginal way of life.This began a grueling battle of recognition and claim for ancestral land ownership among the Aborigines as the white settlers set out to acquire all the land that they considered unused or vacant (Jupp 2001, pp.4-5).Aboriginal Vs Western conceptions of landLong before the white settlers arrived in Australia, the Aboriginal people had very well- create law systems that were underpinned by the peoples birth to the land a relationship that has been characteristic of Aboriginal spirituality for a long time. Through The Dreaming or Aboriginal Customary Law, the law was positivist for the land as well as its inhabitants. According to The Dreaming, the landscape originated from the activities of spirit beings and all the land was therefore a sacred site.Traditional Aboriginal conceptions of land turn around communal land occupation and use. Continuity of land ownership did not require any legal documentation and was passed from generation to generation by dint of oral traditions. According to these people, control over land use has always been central to self-determination and this explains the reason why they have always demanded to be given up the opportunity to have control over land use as the only means of sustaining their economic, social and community viability (Bourke et al,. 1998, pp.56, 81 Zimmer 2006).The year 1788 is momentous in Aboriginal history though negatively because it was the beginning of great loss and suffering for these people due to the invasion of their land by British white settlers. For about 2 centuries, Europeans held this prevailing idea that Aborigines were parasitically living off the land without making any investment in it.This concept was suitable to the British legal system theory that unused or unoccupied land was there for the taking. Yet some European settlers had a different ascertain that the Aborigines had for a long time been able to manage the country towards long-term agricultural productivity and suggested that it was the European strategies of land-use that were to blame for diminishing productivity. When the European settlers arrived in Australia, they developed the concept of distributing the Aboriginal population within several states.This notion of gathering together and moving the Aborigines became a central issue to the colonial as well as state government policies beginning from mid-twentieth century. Governments encouraged missionaries and private citizens to gather up the Aborigines and settle them into organized European-style communities. During the early 20th century, governments also engaged in setting up their own settlements to which they moved the Aborigines (Jupp 2001, pp. 9, 14)Early European settlers held a general view that they bel onged to a culture that was more superior to the Aborigines and their acquisition of the unsettled land would apparently help to create a superior nation. Australias population was also quite low and to fully utilize the large tracts of agricultural land, the European settlers introduced the eat of animals such as cattle and sheep on the landscape to substitute economic production for export.This created competition for land between the Aboriginal people and their indigenous animals and the newly introduced European animals. The piedmont plains, flood plains and foothills especially in Central Australia were most vital as a source of water and residence for the Aborigines. Competition fro grazing land drastically reduced the number of animal species on the land and subsequently interfered with the source of proteins for the Aborigines.European settlement led to dramatic and significant changes in Aboriginal population distribution and location through either forced migrations, or t hrough moves that were instigated and enforced by the government (Jupp 2001, p.12 Bourke et al., p.5 Flood 2007, p.27).

A Reaction Paper to the Article “Versioning: a Smart Way to Sell Information” by Carl Shapiro and Hal Varian

Information Technology is changing the look companies operate. Porter, et al. discussed the treasure of nurture and how its acquisition, processing, and transmission brought different dimensions of pricing and greet reduction for buyers and sellers around the world. Because cultivation is valuable, diversity in strategies were employed to outperform one merchandise line from an opposite. Incorporating IT is not just one way but the best stratagem, so far. IT integration offers wider possibilities on how to facilitate information extensively.Much more than opportunities arrived when the web, the greatest source for info transfer and possession began its service through earnings. The use of inter meshing has transformed the way information is to be manipulated, acquired, and transferred easily from one substance abuser to the next. This concept of transfer became the foundation of businesses to invest more on IT aiming on earning using information keel through the so-called reading materialing. Versioning is supposed to lowly as an upgrade, or a reproduction of an improved copy of product/s.Like books, version or more known as edition defines how valuable a book is judging from reprints it has gone through and the copies sold out from every reprint and normally the cost of the first edition varies from the value to the strength of requested copies demanded by the public. Digital information versioning however, does not confine to an upgrade only. Because internet has provided several sources of acquiring information, capitalists reengineered the judgement of versioning by looking at digital information as valuable goods to sell electronically.The business logic of exchange overly would not just conform to traditional and manual sides, but also begun pursuing global scale to outrun competitors. This is where strategy comes in. To strategically sell information goods, you need to determine its scotch valuable first. According to Shapiro, et al. , there is a distinctive cost structure that first copy is often expensive and subsequent copies become very cheap. We ar talking about production costs here the same perception taken from editions of books also.Because of this, the more information is reproduced, the lower the average of cost production. With the speed of internet aiding the transfer, variable cost of production disappears almost completely. (Shapiro, p 108) Incorporating business strategy has then changed the interpretation of versioning. The basis of its purpose revolves in the possibilities of revenues that it may bring forrad to entrepreneurs selling these goods. Now, versioning has several intentions that feature how important information is creation sought through the internet.With the correct pricing, customers ability to purchase software and downloadable entropy in the market is determined and assessed. Understanding Strategic Risks in Versioning A Smarter Way to Sell Digital Goods The objective of ver sioning is to continuously present an upgrade or development of an earlier adaptation as perceived in the concept of engine room innovation which is expounded in the time of its release and use, as presented by internationalist Standard ISO 861. While technology advances, industrialists found a better way of expanding the purpose of versions also.Versioning becomes the idea of goods marketability in the internet. For example, free version is offered for try outs. Most net users are attracted by freeware. The range of website providers is getting larger to offer such promotions. The logic of free version is to offer a taste of the product being sold. These teasers are very common in antivirus software which provides just enough of main service of the item. However, they are also a prelude to buying the higher(prenominal) or upgrade version which provides full service of the merchandise at a certain toll.Whether a user will purchase the item cadaver to be seen on how imperative it is for him to obtain it. AVG 2011 free edition, for instance is antivirus software that offers security components like resident shield, license, identity protection, anti-spyware, email scanner, anti-rootkit, link scanner, update manager, and PC analyzer. After downloading the free edition, the AVG dashboard or dialog box contains an ad pertaining to another type of AVG software that offers larger scope of protection, named AVG Internet Security 2011 and downloading it would mean urchasing at $54. 99 for 1-year subscription. AVG Internet Security 2011 also offers an limitless and complete virus protection that includes faster scanning (meaning the free version is time-consuming? ), heighten firewall and system tools support. Taking a tour at their website, another lead does not offer free edition but a regular price of the AVG antivirus at $34. 99, and several other offers like Home Security, Business Security, and Trial versions. Versioning becomes a form of customer and inform ation segmentation.It is easier to classify the customers who need information depending on the coverage (speed, quality, and technical services). The higher the quality and comprehensiveness of a software, the more expensive it becomes and the fewer the chances are of its availability of being downloaded, printed or copied, unless for a biddable price. And so the higher or lower the price a customer is willing to pay for getting the information, the best way of identifying bidder/customers class.Categorizing different types of user enable business owners to understand trends, forecast future version launches and expansions that include revenue projectile and cost calculations. Versioning is also business intelligence per se because it is a form of gathering information from customers who reveal how much they are willing to pay for information they sought. Business Intelligence is knowledge about customers, competitors, business partners, warlike environment and internal operations of the organization that gives the ability to possess effective important and strategic business decisions.With the knowledge acquired from classes of versions and types of purchases a customer makes, a business can start raising or dropping prices consequently from the analysis that a professional or frequent computer user will value the latest upgrades more than a simple home user. Consequently, once a customer starts bidding or showing interest on a product or information, he/she also willingly gives personal data regarding his work, his contact info (email or phone numbers and sometimes even home addresses) as a form of registration.The truth is the customers data goes on into a database as companys resource for forecast, future product offers and other customer related transactions. While this strategy is good, there is a downbeat side some organizations normally neglect to respond to. For some companies who do not make fair, moral principles are ignored. Whereas, business i ntelligence through versioning provides competitive edge to the company, the method of acquiring data from customers can sometimes cross the line. The transfer and receipt of information becomes the means of spreading spywares, malwares and adware that are damaging to users and other companies.Whether it may appear harmless to include spoofing (forging of the return address on an email), and key loggers (Trojan clam that records every keystroke and mouse click) as a means to understand their customers better, it is a malicious form of invasion of privacy of an individual a crime that is also often not apprehended because of the broadness of the scope of the internet. Crossing the lines could lead to mistrust of customers and future clients farther damaging the reputation of the establishment.Malwares that are incorporated to version download sometimes cannot be entirely blamed to the organization who seeks competitive advantage. Internet is full of hackers, either a participant o f the rival or only when an individual who enjoys making pranks to others. An unprotected website can be easily hacked and integrate viruses to the system even with the assurance of the hosts protection. Ensuring that the website is protected from getting data stolen and damaged can preserve company integrity. Information goods sellers should also not traverse the code of ethics to gain competitive edge.While seemingly technology reacts positively to the interest of the business, businessmen must hang on to not just building trust with their customers but also protecting the trust devoted to them so as to build long-lasting customer relationships with them. On the other hand, versioning can either upgrade or downgrade the quality impression of information goods, too. While free version clicks in the market, there are risks on agiotage quality versions of information goods. Oestreicher-Singer, et al stated that technologically savvy customers specially the non ethical, support- f ree advanced users) view digital goods as being of higher value, and possibly as better substitutes than physical goods subjecting digital goods to plagiarization and therefore affecting the demands of uphill ones. Piracy is the unauthorized reproduction of digital goods under copyright, infringing the holders exclusive privileges to his property.It happens because the copy of a copy typically does not deteriorate in quality and copying products can become a wide-spread phenomenon as illustrated by the surge of file-sharing networks. (Peitz, 2003) Piracy usually occurs because users try to maximize their expected benefit (utility). (Ozertan, 2008) Peitz, et al. further concluded that non-authorized copy may either leave the sellers profit unchanged or reduce it, because of limited suppliers monopoly to the goods. indeed again, versioning with segmentation and monitoring can prevent it from happening by adopting copyright protection and employ resale rights (which offers restricti ons on copies and reselling) for every version released.Espousing lower price for premium versions also decreases piracy because it curbs the edge of cant-afford notion, therefore allowing the user to aim for the original rather than the pirated copy. In terms of free version, it can hand unlimited reproduction since it does not restrict a user from copying and transferring it to another user however in effect provides an excuse for a non ethical independent user to sell it to another user at a higher price and misleading it as a premium/professional version. This type of piracy often strikes on software copy sold as physical goods (CD,DVD copies).Information goods versioning, in order to work effectively should be implemented aright and according to the output of the company. Variable costs may disappear completely (Shapiro, et al. ) upon the reproduction of copies by the seller, but neglecting the end-user assessment of product related to copyright concerns, piracy control, pri vacy policies and website security can turn these variable costs into steep costs during loss of goods monopoly, corrupted reputations from unsecured websites, and unethical business practices for incorporating malwares in selling information goods.Even if versioning poses great possibilities of gaining competitive advantage against rivalries, it also carries responsibilities and risks for the vendor during its application. Versioning may be a smarter way of selling online goods, but vendor should be smarter by focusing on the economic structure and welfare of digital goods first and understanding its trends and unpredictability caused by the constant technology enhancement.What might have worked 5 years earlier could not simply work today. Rather, there is a need to induce another strategy with a strategy to make it work, or replace it completely with another. To date, versioning still applies at present, however more techniques arrived in the picture such as viral marketing, affil iate programs, SEO, collaboration and realistic teams, etc that is in fact a result of studied digital goods selling methods years ago.

Reverse Logistics

REVERSE LOGISTICS SUPERVISED BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M. RAKOVSKA PREPARED BY TATYANA BLAGOEVA FACULTY NUMBER 10114004 Contents A Supply set up Opport building blocky3 What is Reverse Logistics? 3 Case Examples4 Money is Hidden in Returns5 Reverse Logistics Completes the Supply Chain System6 Reverse Logistics and the Supply Chain maturity Model11 Concluding Case psychoanalyse Example13 The results were impressive14 A Supply Chain Opportunity Most practitioners have their own understanding of the fundamental transitiones gnarled in an ext decisioned release drawing string net treat.The novice will tell you it starts up flowing with suppliers add oning suppliers, moves through manufacturing and produceion and goes downstream through distributors or learn to the caper customers. An improvement effort starts within the four walls of a business by drawing a process map and working on product, training and financial flows to improve the key steps in the linkage that will save ti me, money and use of summations. The journeyman will go further and inform that a supply kitchen stove continues externally, until products and assistants have been delivered to the end consumer.System improvement involves order management, planning and distribution, inventory management and effective customer satisfaction. This counselor knows that supply chain is about bringing the key process steps to best practice and optimized conditions, while receiving high satisfaction ratings from the customers and consumers. The seasoned professional will jolt his or her head and calmly explain that the journey is not ended until the products and services elivered have been accepted. If in that location is dissatisfaction with the results of the supply chain and something is returned, the process continues. We stand with those who respect this extended enterprise view of supply chain, which results in the total satisfaction of the end consumer. There is a great opportunity in that sense, to focus on the generally forgotten or too often lower priority area of attention presumptuousness to finishing the job going the last fewer feet in the linkage.When it comes to completing the end-to-end processing, companies should do two things * Take the full view and understand the total cost of supply chain, which includes having and dealing with returns * Realize the opportunity that an analysis of the return part of the layment offers in terms of finding and solving businesss, better satisfying customers and consumers, and discovering a way to increase revenues What is Reverse Logistics?When considering whatsoever area of business as an opportunity for improvement, begin with having an understanding of just what you are trying to change. What is Reverse Logistics? The broader concept oflogisticsis described by The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) as The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the office of origin to the point of phthisis for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.Wikipedia defines the narrower concept we are considering asReverse logistics is the logistics process of removing new or use products from their initial point in a supply chain, such(prenominal) as returns from consumers, over stocked inventory, or outdated merchandise and redistributing them using disposition management rules that will result in maximized think of at the end of the peaks useful life. For our purposes, reversal logistics includes all the activities that are mentioned in the definition above, with the difference that rick logistics encompasses all of these activities as they snuff it in reverse.Therefore, according to authorities Dr. Dale S. Rogers and Dr. Ronald S Tibben-Lembke, reverse logistics becomes The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin for the purpose of recapturing value or proper disposal. To settle on a specific definition, reverse logistics is the process of moving goods from their normal final destination for the purpose of capturing value, or achieving proper disposal to the satisfaction of the customer or consumer.Remanufacturing and refurbishment activities may be part of the procedure. Reverse logistics includes processing returned merchandise due to damage, seasonal inventory, restock, salvage, recalls, and excess inventory. It also includes recycling programs, gaga material programs, obsolete equipment disposition, and asset recovery. For a practitioner, the disposition choice is determined by the most profitable alternative * Reconditioning when a product is cleaned and holdfasted to return it to a like new state Refurbishing similar to reconditioning, e xcept with perhaps more work tangled in repairing the product. * Remanufacturing similar to refurbishing, but requiring more extensive work often requires completely disassembling the product * Resell when a returned product may be sold a bump off as new * Recycle when a product is reduced to its basic elements, which are reused also referred to as asset recovery. Case Examples A business printer field service and reverse logistics model helps explain how an operating system works.The process for such a truehearted starts when a business customer with a problem calls an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or third party customer digest contact, both of which are used in an try to diagnose the problem and provide problem resolution instructions if applicable. An OEM field technician or third party certified technician attempts to repair the equipment on- localize. If unable to make the repair, the unit is sent to the OEM or certified third party repair facility, where a region al-establish loaner or exchange program may be available. The unit is then repaired at the OEM or third party repair facility.The OEM then ships the returned unit or comparable unit back to the customer, or places the unit in used stock if an exchange is previously provided. A field technician is then scheduled to install the loaner unit, exchange units, or repair equipment at the customer site As an example, consider impregnables involved in the aftermarket sales and services business, and how reverse logistics plays a role. Products in this business can include accessories, replacement parts, and repair and service parts. The services could include product and technical support, training, product documentation, warranty and claims management, and field service repairs.As an adjunct to these products and services, reverse logistics fits the definition by providing for exchanges and in-warranty repair, out-of-warranty repair, maintenance, upgrades and retrofits, remanufacturing, a nd end-of-life asset recovery and hazardous material disposal. In the aftermarket business, field services and reverse logistics are generally considered one of the harder areas to manage, coordinate and operate efficiently. The area is often forgotten or given little consideration regarding launch of new products, importance to overall customer satisfaction and loyalty, and company profits.In a specific case example of how complex the operation can become and how allowances are made to assure proper services are provided, we can take a mind at what Microsoft did when it decided to come in its XBOX. The details help make the point about the importance of paying attention to the full supply spectrum, including reverse logistics. Microsoft decided to have the main product manufactured by Flextronics. Accessories would be produced by a variety of manufacturers. Distributors and electronics retailers were to perform the warehousing, distribution, and end customer sales functions.Sol ectron was used for aftermarket warranty and customer repair services. Microsoft took the time to ensure the above capabilities were fully operational before the first XBOX was sold to an end consumer and that any returns would be processed effectively by the designated party. In another(prenominal) example, a cell phone reverse logistics model proved very beneficial for a impregnable selling such products under their brand name. This firm had the cell phones manufactured by LG Industries, Samsung, Motorola and others. Accessories were again manufactured by a variety of firms.Order taking and initial end consumer billing was performed by Amazon. Forward logistics, including warehousing, bearer service programming and order fulfillment were performed by CellStar. Cellular carriers such as Verizon and Sprint provided the monthly service. Extended warranty and product protection restitution was provided by lock/line. The customer call center service and reverse logistics was perform ed by CellStar. Money is Hidden in Returns Reasonable estimates made of the costs involved in the area we are considering indicate that reverse logistics as a part of supply chain could equal a half percent of the U.S. revenue Domestic Product, an enormous sum that often simply detracts from financial performance. Saving some of that money is one avenue for finding benefits. Understanding how to use reverse logistics to differentiate a business and build satisfaction and revenues with customers is generally hidden in the twilight of this area. If we take a look under the covers of this often neglected part of supply chain, well understand how a company can better understand the opportunities to eliminate many of the reasons for returns and turn dissatisfaction into satisfaction.The idea is to take a look and consider where you might do a better job with a nuisance part of your business. Lets start by considering some harsh objective for reverse logistics initiatives. These inclu de Improved customer satisfaction and loyalty Reduced repair / replacement unit costs Reduced replacement reverse gear times Feedback on hardware design and ease of use Feedback on OEM quality Feedback on end consumer education and first take aim customer support Improve understanding of real reasons for hardware returns Reduce overall level of returns Standardize returns processes crosswise enterprise where possible/desired Utilize common systems across enterprise and automate the returns process to the extent possible/desired Handle increased volumes of returns due to new products, programs, business partners Enable demand driven supply chain concepts for returned products Differentiate company services from the competition Reverse Logistics Completes the Supply Chain System Exhibit 1 Reverse Logistics Returns, Customer Service, Field Service, compensate andReplacementNow lets look at how you turn the objectives into benefits. A glance at Exhibit 1 shows reverse lo gistics can include a numerosity of actions, from returning goods from a consumer to the retailer or supplier, receiving customer service or having field service take place to repair or fix the item in question, or having the product sent to a third party for repair or replacement. The fact is that reverse logistics includes virtually all of these services, and we counsel a broad perspective should be taken to not let this area be a burden to the business.Most companies tend to place the involved operations in the hands of a subsidiary part of an lasting logistics function and pay little attention to the effect it can have on the companys brand, financial performance or supply chain efficiency. A better view is to take a harder look at this area of the supply chain and find ways to turn what is typically a nuisance into something of value to the business. To make sense out of what were considering, lets remember that reverse logistics includes all of the activity related to the fi nal disposition of products that moldiness be removed from the supply chain system.Such activity involves the processes related to removing products from a supply chain that do not have value for the customer or end consumer. These products may be the result of poor workmanship, over-stocked inventory, outdated or obsolete design, damages, or general dissatisfaction with product performance. For whatever reason, someone at the end of the downstream side of the supply chain says I dont want it and the pine supplier will make it easy to return the goods.The goal is to make certain the least damage is done to the firms brand and reputation, and to give care the process so it results in a positive rather than a negative impression. A system of disposition management is required to handle such situations in an effective and rewarding manner, with the understanding that reverse logistics is far different than forward logistics. In the return situation, there must be a well-off point of collection for receiving the goods or to remove these goods from the supply chain.This process step can require inspection, re-packaging, storage, and salvage of any residual value that might exist and the development of a transportation mode that is compatible with the existing forward system of supply. The range includes credits for unwanted goods that are returned to inventory, payment for damage that may or may not be a fault of the supplier, replacement of obsolete product, and simply accepting the return of goods that have no apparent problem. a good deal of the goods in the last category are re-conditioned or re-packaged to go back into the system or to an alternate buyer.There are many examples of firms using this type of system to turn what used to be an out-of-pocket loss into a profit by re-selling the returned goods to a satisfied customer. Exhibit 2 Reverse Logistics Model down(p) Logistics Partner In the model depicted above, the partner receives the returned good s and makes a test to determine if the need is for disposal, there is a major defect and the unit must be repaired, or there is a cosmetic defect and the unit can be refurbished. In either of the latter cases, the unit is repaired and placed in stock for subsequent used stock order fulfillment.In a broader situation, as shown in exhibit 3, the process becomes more involved. Now we see the unit is returned based on the return from location and goes to a designated center. The same type of processing takes place, but may also include factory direct repair if veritable by the OEM. This model is more appropriate where large volumes of product are to be processed. Exhibit 3 Reverse Logistics Model Large Repair Partners A model used by a satellite TV service provider is described in exhibit 4, where we see different business partners creation used for returns processing and minor defect removal versus major product defect repair.Exhibit 4 Model for Satellite TV Service Provider Where there is sufficient volume, cost savings for using a regional test and refurbishment center can be significant. As shown in exhibit 5, we see the results of an actual example. In this case, the total annual savings of $3. 5 million was based on 1. 4 million returns. Exhibit 5 Projected follow Savings for Refurbishment Center Reverse Logistics and the Supply Chain Maturity Model Improving the reverse logistics process starts with making selections from the list of objectives a firm wants to accomplish with its attention to this generally neglected area of supply chain.Our list includes the following common intentions * Improved customer satisfaction and loyalty dont lose customers because of a bad experience * Reduced repair, replacement or re-shipment costs handle the process in an effective manner * Gain feedback from the process to eliminate root causes demonstrate to the customer that the firm studies its problems and makes them go away * Improve understanding of the reason s for returns get to the bottom of why the system did not function in a fail-safe manner * Utilize common systems and automate the returns process to the extent possible Find the way to turn a problem into an opportunity for better customer satisfaction and a source of revenue * Differentiate the firms services from those of the competition Use the experience to gain customer confidence and build new sales With such a list in hand, the next step is to determine what is currently taking place to meet the objectives versus what must be done to assure they are fully met. The procedure must follow some basic principles, including * Move credit/ reel product receipt point for returned product as close to the customer as possible * Minimize shipping costs * Minimize refurbishment/repair costs * Minimize hand-offs between organizations, facilities, systems, etc. in order to reduce costs and overall cycle time CSC has developed a proven methodological analysis for helping take this step. In Exhibit 6, we see the characteristics and capabilities a firm demonstrates, as it moves up the familiar supply chain maturity model.Beneath each level of the model, we see industry examples showing what a company can achieve as it makes its progress to higher levels of achievement. CSC has been very successful using this calibration ground substance to help a firm position its reverse logistics activities against what can be achieved. Exhibit 6 Maturity Grid Reverse Logistics Concluding Case Study Example A concluding case study will help demonstrate the kind of hidden values weve been considering. The firm is a major provider of logistics services to the wireless communications industry, serving network operators, agents, resellers, dealers, and retailers, located in North America, South America and Asia. Sales are in excess of $2 billion. The business problem was typical of the industry.Strong competition and low margins were prevalent factors on traditional forward logisti cs services. The firm needed to improve its business customer and end customer service levels. There were increasing business customer demands for more timely and useful data. Existing processes were fragmented, inconsistent and error prone. It was a very ram and paper intensive situation. The company did have a vision Focus on diversification into higher margin product and service lines. Position the firm to provide more value added customer services with higher profit margins especially around reverse logistics including end customer support, advanced exchange programs, asset recovery, warranty and repair services.The solution that emerged included some very typical steps in a reverse logistics situation. The firm assessed its existing application architecture and technical infrastructure along with the high level business requirements needed to achieve its vision. A packaged application was recommended to address gaps in reverse logistics force and leverage existing IT infras tructure. The firm reviewed its existing operations and business processes and introduced industry best practice concepts for reverse logistics. Business process improvement workshops were conducted, which were used to sidle up opportunities for standardization and guide new application software configuration, enhancement and implementation.Finally, the firm performed custom enhancements as needed and implemented new software to enable enhance reverse logistics capability. The results were impressive * Re-designed business processes, new reverse logistics application capability and outsourcing of non-core functions allowed them to expand and improve level of service to customers, increase sales revenue stream by adding new customers, and increase overall profit margins * The new reverse logistics solution enabled the following typical improvements for their business customers (before versus after) Reconcile warranty credit from 30+ days to

Fall Of Romanian Republic And Julius Caesar History Essay

When people imagine a groovy imperium, most think of capital of Italy. The Romans had great thoughts and programs which would hold made any current imperium seem bantam. From the great enlargement direct by consummate tacticians to the immensely progress authorities which our authorities is modeled after today, the Romans had a fantastic hereafter, if non for its many defects. The early enlargements led to the separation of an already seesawing societal category, the authorities had many holes which rewarded the wealthy and the greed of Lords and people of powerfulness weakened a authorities which could hold been to the full polished. The raise of Julius Caesar after the agreement with Pompey would hold been longer lived if the senator s powers were nt relinquished for the better of the people. All of this and more(prenominal) than would finally urinate to the autumn of the Roman Republic and later on the Roman Empire. There were many factors which led to the autumn of the Roman Republic which include the battle of authorities break baron, the negative influence of the Gracchi, the First Triumvirate and the absolutism of Julius Caesar.To sympathize how Rome finally fell, one must get down before the little city state grew. by and by the concluding Roman masculine milkweed preciselyterfly was exiled, Rome attempted to construct a little, but slightly effectual authorities described as an oligarchy or ruled by few ( Asimov 28 ) . As a Republic, the Romans gave power to a leader by electing him into office, similar to what we do today. This official, known as the pretor, was kept in cheque by other pretor who was in office. Efficaciously, nil would go on unless both wholly agreed on an issue which better notes their interpose as consuls. Today in the American authorities, there are three subdivisions ( Executive, Legislative and Judicial ) which appear to be efficient plenty to properly look into each other. Like our decision maker subdivisi on, the Roman consuls were in charge of the military and led them into conflict ( Asimov 24-25 ) . Similarly to the American Judicial subdivision, Romans had their ain Judgess called quaestors which overlooked all of the tests. This was the beginning of a suitable system of regulating, but the issue was the people who could be pick out to keep these places were of a certain category.The two chief societal categories in the early Roman Republic were the blue(a)s and the plebeians, plebs for short. The patrician category consisted of Lords and wealthiest land proprietors. The plebs were the mundane societal category of normal, mundane citizens which included merchandisers, workers, and the hapless. During the beginning of the immature authorities, the lone people who could be elected into the taking places were the patricians. This restriction of power led to a split in the two categories. Basically, the voice of all was non heard because exactly the patricians were able make of i mportation determinations affecting mundane activities and lawmaking. Not merely was the state of affairs unfair, but the deprivation of attention for all citizens increased the separation of categories. The illustration Asimov gives is this Why should the patrician attention? He was good plenty off to last the difficult times. And if a common husbandman went into debt, the debt Torahs were so rough that the plebeian would hold to manage himself and his household into bondage to pay off the debt. It would be the patrician landholder to whom he was in debt and for whom he must so break ones back. ( 29 )This deficiency of attention forced the plebs to seek alternate manner of life. In 494 B.C. , a big population of plebs left Rome to make their ain authorities. This move initiated the patricians to agree with their overpoweringly big populations of plebs. This via media gave the plebs a voice in the authorities, but was still really limited. The new voice of the plebs were the trib unes. These elected functionaries merely represented other plebeians and could merely voice their sentiment on public issues. The add-on of these new functionaries added another cheque to equilibrate Roman authorities. An illustration of this was the freshly added ability of the tribunes veto an inequitable principle ( Asimov 30 ) .Although it appeared the Roman Lords attempted to be more just, the greed and loss of power to the tribunes made internal discord evident. The tribune s safety became more a big issue after the incident with Coriolanus incident. These and similar events led to the codification of Roman jurisprudence in 450 B.C. This was an fret to forestall the patricians in senate from flexing the jurisprudence. Besides, it gave the tribunes the ability to support both themselves from the unjust advantages established by the patricians and their lives. Ten patrician work forces, called decemvirs, were elected to keep power until the Torahs were finished. The new To rahs were written on bronze tablets and were therefore called the Twelve Tables which was the foundation of their jurisprudence ( Asimov 32 ) .Again, the adaptative ability of the Romans resulted in another reasonable solution. Whenever a job arose, they were able to decide the issue. The examination so is why were at that place so many issues during this epoch? Even after they moved on to a apparently better authorities, the patricians and plebeians arrived at another route block. The decemvirs, harmonizing to Roman tradition, stayed in power even after the Torahs were written. More issues that revolved around the battle of entire control plagued the senate. Again the plebeians precious to go forth because of these events, but big part of the population forced the patricians to listen and the decemvirs relinquished their place. Soon power would be more equally public exposure as the plebeians place to better influence legislation increased and the integrating of the two categorie s in matrimony allowed the less fortunate more chances ( Asimov 33 ) . With more and more chances to go a stable and just authorities, Rome was on the right way. Although they took a measure in front in their adulthood, there was a important reverse many historiographers believed contributed to the autumn of Republic.Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, better known as the Gracchi, were two brothers who sought extremist reform which many believe increased tension in the senate and diminished power due to a big separation of thoughts. Their male parent was both a politician and military leader, which theoretically gave them the tools to win. After his decease in Spain Cornelia, the Gracchi s female parent, made certain her boies were knowing citizens before they were combatants. Her dedication to her lone gems would craft the foundation of a politically strong, but socially destructive dreamers. The older Gracchi, Tiberius, initiated the way to reform after witnessing the horrors of unfai rness and societal inequality in Rome. In 134 B.C. he was elected as a tribune and his first effort to convey equality was the thought of a land reform. Basically, his program was to do the available land more evened out to all citizens of Rome ( Asimov 138-40 ) . Although this was a healthy program for the plebs, the job began with the current landholders.The patricians, both in senate and out, were angered by this impression. Although there technically was a jurisprudence which supported Tiberius reform, the full patricians would lose a great part of their land ( Asimov 139 ) . To protect their land, his oppositions used their governmental system and pecuniary strength to derive an advantage. Since no new jurisprudence would be pass if a veto by the tribune party was raised, their scheme was to purchase their manner into protection. The other tribune at the clip was a adult male name Marcus Octavius, who was believed to be a friend of Tiberius. After a few payoff from the patric ians, Octavius proved to be a friend merely to the highest bidder. The usage of his power to blackball successfully prevented the new reforms to be passed. This caused Tiberius to gesticulate the remotion of his former friend and co-tribune. In fact, this improper move granted the senate more grounds to take this extremist. His decease was at hand after his term so he attempted to hold himself reelected illicitly. This ended ill due to his oppositions claim of Tiberius s effort to be a sovereign. The Republic would hold nil to make with this once more, so Tiberius did non go a tribune once more. After he lost his place in the senate, he was viciously murdered by his oppositions and dumped into the Tiber River ( Asimov 140-41 ) .Finally, Gaius played an of import function for the reformists. After his brother s decease, he was elected a tribune a

Educational Technology in the Classroom Essay

The face of pedagogy has evolved through time with the emergence of the technical age in the 19th century. As new technologies have been developed in coif to enhance and produce efficient working environments, educational institutions, in particular archaeozoic nestlinghood education, have slowly adapted several technological tools in order to facilitate the program line- larn process. Learning available technological advancements in primaeval childhood education (ECE) and understanding how to incorporate them in the teaching process interests me because of the complex and specialized characteristic of ECE.Children argon always curious about the things some them, that is why they love exploring and discovering things that are new to them. Applying technology in the classroom setting would be instrumental in teaching them many concepts that would be unwieldy to teach in the real-life environment. Moreover, employing technology would allow teachers to design challenging ins tructional materials that may be easily accessed by children. outline One Buckleitner, W. (2000). Techno Tools for Assessment. Teaching with Technology. ProQuest facts of life Journals. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest LLC. Website http//proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=4&sid=2&srchmode=1&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=7961&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=62927618& marking=FULL&ts=1207829807&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1207829837&clientId=7961 (1) This article emphasizes the importance of technology in tracking and monitoring the maturation and progress of children within the educational institution.It asserts that making use of technology allows the teacher to properly document the developments of each child, with the use of pictures and videos for instance, in order to involve and describe the parents each milestone that their children accomplish in the school. Technology is also relevant during the assessment phase. The author continues to list several te chnological tools that from the lowest priced to the highly expensive, tour still remaining important in assessing the developments within each child.Cameras, whether disposable, Polaroid, or digital, as well as digital video cameras, are useful in documenting the activities that children get involved in within the school. This would help in showing the parents how their children have grown from day one until the end of classroom instruction. Cassette recorders may be used to record sounds, such as songs, poems, and sounds use uped throughout the year, in order to know what new knowledge they have learned regarding sound replication and music.Scanners may be used to keep records of pictures and artworks that children have made all throughout the year. This would help in assessing the creativity of each child. Communication with the parents at collection plate may be facilitated by establishing an online website where the teacher and the parents may contact each other. Moreover, online websites may be used to send newsletters and other information that are in a need-to-know basis for the parents. (2) This article is important for teachers who want to learn about simple and affordable technologies to use in the classroom setting.Cameras, video cameras, scanners, sound recorders, and online websites, are simple devices that teachers can easily use. Moreover, assessment and evaluation has gone up a higher level with the options of using technologies, as well as in involving the parents with the education of their child. (3) The technological gadgets suggested by the author put ons the learner, although they do not get to explore and manipulate each gadget, because it focuses on the assessment phase of learning which assists in the identification of needs, demands and follow-throughs of children.Moreover, parents get involved in the education of their children, allowing them to know how they can assist in teaching their children more at home. (4) These technol ogies may be utilize by providing sound recorders for each student from the beginning of the class and let them record sounds that they have never learned before. During activities, which bring out their skills and abilities, the teacher should be able to take pictures and videos for documentation. Paper works done by the students should all be scanned accordingly for records sake and assessment in the future.At the end of the teaching instruction, the online website should be put up in the World Wide Web, and communicated to the parents in order for them to gain access to the website and start communicating with the teacher whenever possible. Synopsis devil Scoter, J. V. , Ellis, D. , Railsback, J. (2001). Technology in Early Childhood information. northwesterly Regional Educational Technology. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from NETC. Website http//www. netc. org/ previous(predicate)connections/byrequest. pdf (1) The research study has explored the pros and cons of the employment of technology to early childhood education.The argument lies on the capacity of technological tools to pass on for the basic needs of children, including their physical, social, emotional, mental, and language development needs. However, researchers could not deny the contributions that technology will make for facilitating teaching and learning for early childhood education. These contributions existence teaching children how to learn by autonomy, wherein they learn by doing things by themselves, and the visualization of difficult concepts to teach and for children to grasp.The different developmental stages in early childhood education are also discussed in order to identify the goals and needs of children in each stage. The author continues to discuss several technologies to accomplish these goals and needs. The ready reckoner is the most important technological tool that should be used in early childhood education. Moreover, several softwares are available for computers, such as softwares that may be used in constructing examinations, drills, and practice tests.(2) The information in this article is important for teachers who wants to understand the benefits and advantages of technological tools within the classroom. This would assist them in making just decisions on whether to employ technological use for classroom instruction. Moreover, teachers who want to utilize technology within the classroom setting are informed of the goals and objectives of each child developmental stage in order to design technologies that are able to meet these goals and objectives.(3) The technology discussed in the article, such as the computer and software programs benefit the learner because of wide-range activities that it can develop for learners, such as drills and tests. This would allow teachers to produce numerous automated exams that would help students widen their knowledge and exercise their minds in order to retain information learned throughout classroom instr uction. Moreover, computers are able to provide numerous functions such as music, videos, pictures, access to the internet, multimedia applications, language assistive technologies, etc.(4) Implementing what I read from the article takes time and careful planning. Planning should be done to lay out activities that will be suitable for particular developmental stages in children. After planning, the teacher is now ready to incorporate technologies according to the level of understanding and need of each child. This would be established by teaching children the basics of the computer and letting them handle it for better learning and understanding. Synopsis Three Wilford, S. (2007). Tuning in to Tech. Scholastic Early Childhood Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journals.Website http//proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=12&sid=1&srchmode=1&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=7961&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1257130811&scaling=FULL&ts=1207834444&v type=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1207834584&clientId=7961 (1) The proper implementation of technology, so as to ensure positive learning outcomes, is the focus of this article. The author acknowledges the fact that technology does hold oppose learning outcomes, especially to young children. In addition, the author continues to discuss the inadequacy of technologies if used improperly and minimally.Therefore, the author reveals steps or guidelines for making the most of the positive effects on learning that technologies may yield to early childhood education. These steps or guidelines include the use of clear digital images with large informative captions, images that show children who display moral values that students might learn, records of visuals and creative works done by students in the computer and student portfolios, taking videos of meaningful activities, and videos of theatrical performances done by children in order for them to imitate and gain insights about acting and being creativ e.(2) The article is relevant in reminding teachers on how to properly use technologies due to the fact that when these technological devices are used inadequately, then it will yield negative learning outcomes for young children. Aside from reminding teachers of this valuable information, it also provides important tips on how to maximize technology and utilize it appropriately. (3) This valuable pluck of information benefits the learner in such a way that it educates the teacher.Educating teachers, especially on the proper use of technology, is significant in teaching with the use of technology properly, therefore, resulting to positive learning outcomes. (4) Implementing this piece of information in classroom instruction starts with committing such information to memory in order to remind oneself of how to use technology effectively in the classroom. Synopsis Four Hertzog, N. & Klein, M. (2005). Beyond Gaming A Technology Explosion in Early Childhood Classrooms. smart Child To day. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journal.Website http//proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=43&sid=1&srchmode=1&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=7961&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=872146761&scaling=FULL&ts=1207837036&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1207837110&clientId=7961 (1) The focus of the research paper is to identify and reveal the importance of technology for the early childhood classroom and the benefits that they provide for the children. Several examples were given in order to illustrate real life situations wherein the incorporation of technology in classroom instruction was successful.UPS is an educational institution, which utilizes technology during classroom instruction. The institution attests to the positive learning outcomes that technologies yield within the children. Aside from the children, the teachers also benefit from the functions that technology provide to facilitate teaching and lighten their agitate of keeping records and asses sing the childrens growth and development. Moreover, technologies also enhance communication lines of the educational institution with the parents. Indeed, the childrens use of technology have gone beyond only(prenominal) gaming to learning valuable concepts that technology offers.(2) I think the article takes on a general approach to the study of technology as a means of facilitating learning for early childhood education. Not only does it discuss the benefits of technology on children, but also its positive effects to teachers and the parents as stakeholders who are involved with the education of young learners. Through this article, children, teachers, and parents learn to appreciate the benefits and advantages that technology provides in order to enhance the learning of their children. Moreover, other educational institutions may learn from the testimonies of UPS.(3) This article does not particularly talk about a certain technology that benefits the learner but it discusses th e importance of technology in order to provide meaningful and challenging learning experiences to children. Moreover, it informs people on the importance of technology to the holistic development of children, professional career of teachers, and the involvement of parents to education. (4) The article talks about the need for educational institutions to implement technological tools itself and does not illustrate how to implement them.For educational institutions who are deciding whether to incorporate technology into their classroom instructions shall be guided by the advantages it would provide for learners, teachers and parents. Thus, encouraging them to implement technology when possible in order to promote quality learning.BibliographyBuckleitner, W. (2000). Techno Tools for Assessment. Teaching with Technology. ProQuest Education Journals. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest LLC. Website http//proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb?index=4&sid=2&srchmode=1&vinst= PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=7961&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=62927618&scaling=FULL&ts=1207829807&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1207829837&clientId=7961 Hertzog, N. & Klein, M. (2005). Beyond Gaming A Technology Explosion in Early Childhood Classrooms. Gifted Child Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journal. Website http//proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=43&sid=1&srchmode=1&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=7961&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=872146761&scaling=FULL&ts=1207837036&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1207837110&clientId=7961 Scoter, J.V. , Ellis, D. , Railsback, J. (2001). Technology in Early Childhood Education. Northwest Regional Educational Technology. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from NETC. Website http//www. netc. org/earlyconnections/byrequest. pdf Wilford, S. (2007). Tuning in to Tech. Scholastic Early Childhood Today. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from ProQuest Education Journals. Website http//proquest. umi. com. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/pqdweb? index=12& sid=1&srchmode=1&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=7961&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1257130811&scaling=FULL&ts=1207834444&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1207834584&clientId=7961

Long Term Conditions

The aim of this essay is to consider liftes to promoting the self-management of a long- experimental circumstance condition. The focus lead be colligate to mental faculty content and based on a enduring that I have provided nursing c atomic number 18 for during my clinical practice. thither will be a apprize introduction of the affected role and the context in which I was involved in their nursing c are. The pathophysiology of the chosen LTC along with the related physical, psychological and complaisant of necessity of the affected role will be considered. There will be a discussion of principles of self-management that will link to national LTC policies.This will also include initiatives and analysis of the shew of the underlying principles for an approach to providing self-management endorse, for the chosen LTC, including benefits and challenges. To conclude I will intake express-based recommendations of how the patient of could be sustentationed to self-manage thei r condition. A wide range of turn out will be used to support my discussion. The patient chosen to explore, is one who lives with the LTC of Parkinsons. The patient had started to experience Motor Fluctuations, also referred to as off periods.Motor Fluctuations are associated with long-term use of levodopa and usually appear in people who have had Parkinsons for some judgment of conviction, patients experience end-of- paneling deterioration meaning that the dose does not last until the next dose is due (Parkinsons. org 2008). This patient spent one week on a neurology rehabilitation unit. The context in which I worked with this patient was to assist with the grooming of an apomorphine syringe driver and to assess on and off periods before the use of the pump and on that pointfore when the pump was in use and also to ensure that on that point were no side effects to its use.During this week I worked alongside a team of occupational therapists and physiotherapists, as it was e ssential that the patient regained trustfulness with daily activities, unmarriedised cares, dressing and food preparation. The aim of the teaching was to enable the patient to become independent with the apomorphine pump from being able to perform a subcutaneous guessing to its removal when medication had finished.It was vital that the patient became competent and confident in the process as they had been very active through verboten their flavour and wanted to cover so for as long as accomplishable. Parkinsons. org (2010) describe Parkinsons as the disease with no obvious cause and is the most common form of shaking palsy the other forms of Parkinsonism are vascular, Drug-induced Parkinsonism, dementia with Lewy bodies, inherited and Juvenile. Vascular is an uncharacteristic form of Parkinsonism and usually presents with difficulties in speaking, swallowing and the faculty in devising facial nerve expressions.Drug-induced Parkinsonism occurs in 7% of people and is attri buted to neuroleptic medication which block dopamine these drugs normally treat schizophrenia and other psychotic conditions and once the trouble has been diagnosed then the person will recover in hours, days or months later ceasing taking the medication. Dementia with Lewy bodies has no cure and symptoms include difficulties with concentration, memory, language and the ability to carry out straightforward actions. Many people suffer from hallucinations, sluggishness of movement, rigidity and tremors.Dementia with Lewy bodies is similar to Alzheimers. Inherited Parkinsons is rare and there is no evidence that is can be passed on in families, however it is estimated that 5% of people with Parkinsons may have a genetic cause. Juvenile is a term used for persons diagnosed under the age of twenty years. As NICE clinical guidelines 35 (2006) states, Parkinsons disease is a progressive neurodegenerative long-term condition and in general affects those of middle to old age. Parkinsons o ccurs when the cells containing dopamine die off.At present there is no consistent test that can define if a patient has Parkinsons due to the close clinical resemblances of other conditions. Parkinsons is diagnosed mainly through history based information and examination. The main symptoms and signs of Parkinsons are bradykinesia, rigidity and continue tremor. Parkinsons is mainly seen as a movement disorder, but other areas of health problems are associated with it. These include depression and dementia along with autonomic disturbances and pain, although considered to be rare they can present at a later stage of the condition.These rarer symptoms, as they progress, can lead to substantial disability and handicap which harms quality of life for the person living with Parkinsons, this also has an impact on families and carers. The physical symptoms of Parkinsons can be debilitating for the patient and may include pain, falls/dizziness, dietetical problems, bladder and bowels prob lems, swallowing and saliva control, speech/ communication problems, eye problems, freezing, skin, scalp and sweating problems. It is not possible to discuss all of these physical elements in detail inwardly this essay.I therefore intend to focus on one specific physical aspect of the disease and discuss how this affects the clients call for, along with the psychological and social aspects. The area I will discuss is freezing. As identified by Parkinsons. org (2010), freezing will be experienced by every Parkinsons patient at some point, but becomes more than apparent in patients who have had Parkinsons for numerous years and also if levodopa has been used for long periods of time within their treatment, however it must be noted that freezing can occur in Parkinson patients whom do not take levodopa and should not be seen as a side effect of taking levodopa.When freezing occurs it is a frightening experience and also a cause of embarrassment for the privateist. Freezing is not just linked with gait movement it also includes speech freezing or repetitive activities such as combing hair or the thought process for workout when a patient is trying to remember something i. e. the name of a touch. Along side this is also start hesitation this is associated with drinking from a cup, getting out of bed or when a patient wants to step forward.Freezing is still not amply understood and may be attributed to interruptions to the sequence of movement, group situations or unable(p) medication. Parkinsons brings many social problems, becoming less confident can bring low self-esteem that can lead to withdrawal from social activities. The soulfulness may worry about how they look, talk or even the way they move, this can inhibit the person from entering into normal activities and they may decide to cover at home to avoid electromotive force awkwardness.Reduced socialisation may increase the likelihood of the individual suffering from depression fatigue and mood sw ings can be potentially be harmful to private or close relationships. The individual may become unsure of their social position within the family, workplace or any groups, as they feel lost or less weighty. Self-management of a LTC is strategically important to the long-term sustainability of the NHS, and it is therefore essential to be clear on the principles of self-management and to have a clear approach to achieving a successful outcome.In response to the increasing aims of LTCs across England the Department of wellness (2012) have established a dedicated LTC team who has built a compendium to explain wherefore pro-active management of LTCs is so important to the future of the NHS. This compendium provides compelling evidence and information to help support and drive a transformational adjustment to the way in which LTCs are managed, and the document states clearly that self-management is central to this transformation, the principles of self-management have been defined by the Health Foundation (2011) and these will now be discussed.Self-management can have very positive effects on people who live with a long-term condition that affects their normal function of daily activities, as The Health Foundation (2011) suggests the use of self-management can have positive effects on behaviours and outlooks that an individual faces and how their quality of life can either be enhanced or depleted. In order to achieve a successful self-management outcome it is essential that time is invested early in the programme to explain to the individual involved the many benefits that self-management can bring.Ensuring that they fully understand these benefits will bulkyly increase the likelihood that they fully engage into the programme and truly take an increased responsibility for managing their LTC. Evidence suggests that self-management leads to a more positive health outcome and championing people to look after themselves can improve motivation, engagement and how t hey use and access the health service. It also describes to how habits change towards healthy eating and exercise, which final results in better clinical outcomes.Failure to establish veritable engagement at an early stage will most likely result in limited transfer of responsibility and may lead to the patient failing to realise the benefits to themselves and also benefits to the NHS. They also stated that there is an extensive range of initiatives and one size does not fit all. As Brighton and Hove City pct (2006) state, planning and having a certain level of power is crucial to making lifestyle changes when living with a LTC.It is also necessary to understand the connection of why changes to lifestyles need to be made, and why planning carefully for change is fundamental to change actually being accomplished. It is important to support the individual through the change process as this can often create a degree of anxiety for them. Promoting the benefits of a healthy lifestyle a nd educating individuals on their condition, will boost confidence and help the patient understand the benefits of self-management in the context of potentially slowing down the progression of their condition, improved quality of life and remaining independent for as long as possible.Education is another key principle of self-management. An individual needs help and support to understand their condition, how it affects them and what they can do to help to pro-actively manage it. There are a number of options available here to help educate an individual on their LTC such as reputable websites specifically set up for their condition. They are an excellent source of information, which is continuously updated, and enable the person to access easy to understand information in the privacy of their own home.Additionally, advice helplines add greater support for individual needs, without being confrontational. Support is also available for carers through courses run by the Expert Patients P rogramme Community Interest follow (EPP CIC). Leaflets are available to answer basic questions and give further information on where to find more support and advice that is available in their area. The Parkinsons specialist Nurse is also a good resource as the nurse can provide their expertise along with the expertise of multi-disciplinary teams (www. parkinsons. rg 2012) It is important to ensure that the level of education and training provided is appropriate to the capability of the individual and also the state of their condition. Insufficient information could lead to poor decision making by the individual or a lack of confidence if they are uncertain about certain aspects of their condition. Similarly, providing training and education beyond the means of the individual may result in confusion or unrealistic expectations being established this would not be beneficial for either the individual or the NHS.Good training and education should be targeted at increasing the individ uals understanding of their condition such that they are able to successfully monitor their symptoms and take appropriate, pro-active action to ensure treatment is sought quickly and to avoid potentially unnecessary admissions to hospital. One of the principles of self-management is to ensure sufficient emphasis is placed on problem solving. If an individual is to become increasingly capable of self-managing their LTC then an ability to solve problems is fundamental to achieving this.Without this it will prove difficult to change the behaviours necessary to allow a health care professional to move into a more supportive and assisting role, as oppose to the current situation where they are managing the care of the individual (Health Foundation 2011). Another area for consideration is that a patient must know when to seek medical advice and intervention and feel comfortable with their decision-making techniques. It is also vital that the individual does not allow a situation becomes acute.The Health Foundation (2011) also states that, engagement and education are important to ensuring that the individual is ready and in a position to be empowered with the responsibility for the self-management of their LTC. The principles of self-management support the involvement of the individual in decision making related to their care and also working collaboratively with their health care professionals to build their care plans.This continuous exalted level of involvement is essential to making sure that there is a real transfer of responsibility from the health care professional to the individual if there is, then there is a much greater chance that they will take ownership for the long-term self-management of their condition. Failure to truly involve the individual when making decisions about their care could result in a lack of commitment to a care plan and/or false commitment to behavioral changes, at last resulting in the continued heavy reliance on their GP, A&E a nd other health services to manage their LTC in a reactive and cost inefficient manner.As Randall and Ford (2011) discuss, it is apparent that within the United Kingdom there is an increased transfer of power and choice for users of the health and social care organization and policy drivers such as Independence, choice and Risk (DH2007) recognise the importance of empowering service users i. e. persons with LTCs, to ensure they have greater choice and control. When empowering someone, firstly there needs to an acknowledgment that the person has control over an aspect of their care and can make decisions that relate to it.Power can be seen in a variety of forms but is normally defined as having knowledge and being able to make informed decisions and choices. When considering the decision process it is evident that some decisions are taken alone, for recitation what clothes to wear, or with permission of others for instance using monies from a joint account to buy a new kitchen and there are also decisions that are made which require formal consultation, e. g. implementing a new law. For any individual who is involved in the self-management process it is important to ensure that the degree of decision-making is appropriate to their personal set of circumstances.When empowering a person there are fundamental considerations to be identified. For example, the mental state of the individual, the extent to which their condition has progressed, their physical ability, their socio-economic situation, the extent of their support internet (friends and family), their willingness to pro-actively engage in the self-management of their condition all of these factors may influence the rate and extent to which empowerment may be achieved.Furthermore, empowering an individual with a long-term condition needs to be managed carefully. They will typically be interfacing with many different healthcare professionals and other parts of the NHS and other organisations, and if the views, opinions and approaches of those multiple contacts are not reorient or consistent it is possible this could have a negative impact on the empowerment process for the individual. It is therefore essential that there is one reorient approach and cohesive message.There is strong evidence contained within the study by Luca Camerini et al (2012) that empowerment, combined with health knowledge have been shown to have a great impact on the self-management of chronic conditions, and that if managed well they can have a positive effect on health outcomes. For my chosen patient suffering with Parkinsons disease, I would recommend supporting them to self-manage through an approach of empowerment, ensuring that this was strongly underpinned by strong support in the provision of health knowledge.As discussed earlier, some of the key needs of an individual suffering with Parkinsons disease are related to their mobility, dietary requirements and pain relief and I want to explain how this recommended approach could help support the individual to more successfully self-manage these particular aspects of their condition. Firstly, in respect of mobility, freezing is often a situation, which affects PDs sufferers. In the first instance it is important to help educate the individual on why freezing happens.Ensuring that the individual has a clear understanding of their condition will help them to be more accepting of the effects, less afraid when they experience motor fluctuations or off episodes and crucially help them to make more informed decisions about potential ship canal of helping them to self-manage this aspect of their condition. As mentioned previously, the extent of knowledge and education needs to be appropriate to the individuals level of health literacy this aspect should not be underestimated, as there is a strong link between an individuals level of health literacy and their ability to successfully self-manage.As stated by the World Health Organisation (2009) health literacy is critical to empowerment, therefore this can present a barrier to achieving self-management through an empowerment based approach. An individuals capacity to access and effectively use information is an area that may need to be considered initially to decide if empowerment is the most suitable approach to adopt. There are a number of options available to help an individual manage motor fluctuation episodes such as medication, mental techniques and physical techniques.Again, the individual will need to be educated on these such that they are able to be involved, or even lead, the decision making process on selecting the most appropriate treatments and solutions for them. Each root may have both advantages and disadvantages for the individual and these need to be made clear, if a patient is aware of the limitations and potential drawbacks of a specific treatment from the beginning, then they are more mentally prepared to deal with the challenges as they arise, educing the likelihood of failure. There are several approaches to providing education and support to Parkinson patients the LTC compendium recommends the Expert Education Programme, although not specifically for Parkinsons it provides courses to help with managing LTC conditions, online courses are available also, it is also possible to add your area to the list, they are free. The Parkinsons website has vast information both practical and informative and free help lines.In some areas there are Neuro-rehabilitation Units, available through referrals made by the Parkinsons specialist nurse or consultant, which gives access to multi-disciplinary teams all located within one centre. The Parkinsons Specialist Nurse holds clinics where discussions can take place for planning the future, medication changes and a point of contact if you need additional support before the next scheduled appointment.As part of the Health Foundation Co Creating Health programme (2012), a Buddies to Support Self Management scheme has been developed for cancer patients in the Arran and Ayrshire region. The programme has been developed to enable patients who have correct self-management programmes to share their knowledge and skills with others in similar situations, along with helping patients who prefer not to be in a group situation. This could be a possible area to develop for Parkinsons or all LTC patients.

Marketing Strategy †Adidas

ProductThe base has maintained a culture of providing mellow quality products aimed at providing the best value to the costumer. The products portfolio is continuously enhanced through creations and innovations throughout the companies various categories.This is pursued in order to cater to the various needs and wants of consumers worldwide. Well-known brands for sports appargonls, equipment and accessories, the Adidas group has a diverse brand portfolio consists of Adidas footwear, apparel and accessories Reebok footwear, apparel and accessories TaylorMade Adidas Golf Golf Equipment, footwear, apparel and accessories Rockport Dress, casual and outdoor footwear, apparel and accessories CCMHoc winder Hockey equipment and apparel. Adidas had implement latest technologies in their products which able to enhance performances of players and they focus on sports such as football, tennis, basketball game and even training shoes which are used by anyone with the ability to run. Their rud e(a) technologies have lead to the production of Climacool, a shoe with a ventilation system and a shoe with an energy management system that guides and drives an athletes foot through each stride. PriceAdidas adapt a premium pricing strategy which it is a strategy where companies charge a premium price for their products. Adidas is act to penetrating markets by using market skimming tactics use premium strategy and offer high quality and customer satisfaction for high prices. This had clearly positions itself as a top-notch brand in the market.PlaceThe company has adopted an ambitious global plan to distri exclusivelye its products to the consumer with a strong focus on controlled space, including Own-retail business, e-commerce, Shop-in-Shop, Joint ventures with retail followers, mono-branded franchise stores, co-branded stores with sports organizations and other brands. Hence, a high level of brand control is provided. In addition, an integrated distribution roadmap has been s et up to check out further growth and to increase brand presence in under-penetrated, affluent cities, without cannibalizing their own brands and distribution mix.PromotionThe Adidas group sells products in virtually every country of the world. Thus, divers(prenominal) promotional tools are used in order to reduce the number of lost customers and to increase gross sales. The group has set up an unparalleled portfolio of promotion partnerships with transnational recognized sports associations (e.g. UEFA, FIFA, NBA, NFL, and NHL). Henceforth, commercials, ads, apps for smart phones, product placement, sponsorships for athletes and sport events (e.g. Berlin Marathon 2011) are implemented. Adidas has provided the Official Match Ball containing Logo of the Adidas for FIFA World Cup 2010 (South Africa).Adidas is tier one partner and sponsor for the coming capital of the United Kingdom 2012 Olympics one of the important Sporting Event of the World. The officials and staff of 2012 Olym pics wearing Adidas Sportswear during Inaugural and Closing ceremonies will always cater Adidas in the brains of the Millions of the people watching these ceremonies. Adidas has hailed its biggest ever UK marketing campaign Take the Stage for lifting sales of London 2012-related merchandise to around 100m.Q2. Why Adidas Sponsor In London Olympics But Not New York Or Malaysia? A worldwide sporting event like The Olympics or world Cup provides a vast marketing opportunity for sports apparel companies, which have long enjoyed a spike in sales during such events. Historically, the Olympic Games have been an ideal forum for brands looking for to strengthen their global presence. Faster, Higher, Stronger it is the motto of the Olympic Games. But it is also a pretty good fit for the global market for athletic footwear, apparel and equipment.Retail sales totaled an estimated USD 340 billion in 2011. That represented growth of 7%, well ahead of global GDP growth of 2.5%. Companies have pai d hefty sums for the exemption of being associated with the Games, convinced that no other event in the world offers the unique combination of mass worldwide exposure and fostering of positive values. London Olympics will put sport into the living rooms of billions of consumers around the globe, which should help to keep revenues in the segment on an upward trajectory. London is a key focus for the sportswear market, for both performance sportswear and sports fashion.This market sets more trends than anywhere else in the country. London 2012 gave Adidas aplatform to target this audience but with a global reach. As a result of the marketing strategy in London 2012, Adidas said that the Olympics, alongside its sponsorship activity around the European Championships and the Champions League, helped defend sales up 15 per cent to 3.5bn (2.8bn) year-on-year in its second quarter. Net income jumped 18% to 165m (129m). Other non Olympic host such as Malaysia, did not collide with sponso rship from Adidas although Malaysia had hosted some major sport events such as F1.However, car racing is not there main product line of Adidas. Adidas main pipelines lies in running, training, football, basketball etc, which these sport is also a major attention worldwide. F1 for example, did not have vast amount of audience compare to football and basketball. Return of investment for sponsoring are not significant as market penetration is not huge as per Olympics.

The Most Important Discovery in the Last 100 Years

A lot of significant discoveries have been do over the past centuries. While various discoveries in astronomy, science, physics set our lives on entirely divergent course, I strongly believe that the discovery of the fist antibiotic, penicillin vie a crucial role in the history of mankind. Firstly, before the discovery of penicillin some diseases were incurable and any wound could result in final stage because of bacteria. Though different methods in medicine were used to limit outbreaks and reduce the spread of diseases, researchers did not hunch how to kill bacteria that caused diseases.Invented by Alexander Fleming in 1928, penicillin cured a lot of diseases that had caused so a lot pain and suffering. For example, such illnesses as sepsis and pneumonia were blackened in the studyity of cases. Penicillin became the fist drug to defeat those illnesses. Moreover, collectable the use of penicillin during World warfare II a tremendous amount of soldiers survived. Penicillin m ade a major difference in the number of deaths and amputations caused by infected wounds.This antibiotic was the most powerful, the least harmful and gave bustling results. Though being the most limited cure, penicillin saved countless lives during the war. Last but not the least, penicillin played an important role in the increase of world life expectancy. It prevented population from the risk of getting the fatal diseases such as fevers, sepsis and pneumonia and reduced deaths at young ages. To illustrate this, the world life expectancy has bivalent over the past two centuries from 45 years in 1920 up to 67 and more nowadays. to a higher place all, a lot of different types of antibiotics were developed from penicillin, such as amoxicillin, which, in turn has treated other serious diseases and become innovation in medicine. To conclude, the invention of penicillin became a very important event in the history of medicine. The use of penicillin helped to save lives of many people and reduce the number of losses during World War II. It is impossible to imagine the modern life without antibiotics. Due to them people are not in jeopardy of suffering from serious diseases as they were before the invention of the life-saving cure.