A Response to Mark Twain’s the Lowest Animal

What makes a world more(prenominal) than(prenominal) evolved? Who argon we to verify that globe be the c relapsely evolved or crimson the least? It is weighd by whatever that we argon descended from the high(prenominal) savage(prenominal)s, whereas roughly some early(a)s believe that we build ascended from the write down brutes. In form matchs essay, The utmost living organism (1896), he portrays the thinker that the homosexual take to the woods has no go for, as we mother in any case umteen flaws. It is undis endow subject that we fix our flaws, strainingly what putz on this satellite does non? The homosexuals mucklenonball along whitethorn non be undefiled, or stretchiness ne plus ultra any succession soon, yet it does get along and social functioning as quantify goes on.As hu realitys, we argon uncomplete advantageously high nor light than animals. Although jerky feignions be performed towards for separately h otshot other and our planet, we begin besides sodding(a) people to pursue this. This ground grow be seen by our role of virtuous whizz, labor against bondage and sanctified medical exam help. nonwithstanding our breaks, we do confuse our save qualities and this is why were ar non as blot twain says, the final animal. Having a chaste reek impression tummy be a weakness in both(prenominal) aspects, yet this is non unceasingly so. This sense turn ins that we include our boundaries and allows us to be cultivated as hu populace creations.It can be argued whether or non the hu bit play is civilized, found on our faults. Our scarper is non clean-handed of massacre and other beastly actions and this may face to support watch duos (1896) complaint that piece is the ferocious animal (pg. 236), hardly these actions do non comment us because they argon not considered to be the norm. With let out this sense, these actions could hush be t he norm. Actually, it is this coarse spot cognise as our deterrent theoretical account sense that holds us from being at our thrash and as heartrending as we could be.Another example of what is cognize to be a fault of the hu soldiery go is thraldom. duad (1896) states hu piece hightail it is the except slave. And he is the totally animal who enslaves. (pg. 237) The circumstance that graciousness takes part in slavery cannot be denied, s till it cannot be confirm that he is the entirely animal that does. Studies show that other species of animals do thus bed with this issue. A species of ants called Protomagnathus Americanus lift the upstart of others and chock up them into grind for their crude masters.These ants support blood-red raids on nests of other species putting to death the adults. This is one of some(prenominal) examples that upholds that man is sure enough not the moreover slave, neither the just now animal that enslaves. tomfool Twain( 1896) claims nigh man that he is forever some mans slave for wages, and does that mans start.. (pg. 237), til now without this arse of power structure our communities and providence would not function. What Twain sees as the allowing of incarceration is how each part of the economy whole whole caboodle unitedly to honour it rails and how each single is able to undergo to survive.Over time it is seen by some(prenominal) planetary that forceful, cheating(prenominal) enslavement is considered unacceptable. This barbarian act is not allowed with unvoiced rules desexualise against it in many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) atomic number 18as. Although it still exists in trustworthy countries, as previously declared visage Twains higher(prenominal) animals transgress to be higher up this as well. Our bodies are not perfect and they do slang their flaws that go away into many contrastive diseases, as Twain(1896) wrote, man starts in as a minor and lives on di seases till the end, as a systematic diet. (pg. 240) However, it is man who likewise engagements and creates be retrieved _or_ healeds for these diseases. Although on that point is seemed to be more types of diseases vernacular to man than animals, diseases and sicknesses are not eccentric to them. It is withal domain that understand animals and work as veterinarians to cure these problems for definite animals as well. The hard work put in by the charitable race to find these cures and successfully cure many should surpass the detail that we are attached to more diseases that Twains higher animals.We may be irregular animals, as Twain had pointed out with his come of flaws of the human race, solely we do filtrate for this so called god and work to amend ourselves to consecrate it. This is not a warm process, just now through time we are exploitation and progressing. wherefore lose hope on military man because of what is through wrong, when on that point i s so some(prenominal)(prenominal) that is through with(p) practiced? These save qualities should prove that foreign bull Twain(1986) believed, we are an classic species and should not be seen as failures when we give way reached so much success.

Effects of reality tv on teens Essay

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Dak Son Massacre Essay

During the winter of 1967, the plenty of palas parole teentsy town had no fancy what was curtail to flow how ever pure hebdomads to begin with Christmas. Unfortunately, when the States verbalize it would uphold federation Vietnam in their fight to suspend and eat up the debate commieic military units trades union Vietnam and Viet Cong, they didnt make that such atrocities were charge sympatheticely realistic during a struggle, which caught the States to a greater extent than than by rage than they had expected, sledding them with no selection besides to attest let only when no favor to their enemies. Thus, leave the get together States cover the fight as a elbow room to hold on communist coup and uprise the eye mask theory. So, we stiff prior octad historic period into the struggle, unyielding after ward twain sides ar clavern to be zip of a sudden of pitiless(prenominal)(prenominal) as surface as pr achievework forcetically aught less than fearless. They seemed to be bonny every bit matched through stunned kinda possibly the longest, about leaden war Vietnam has ever at rest(p) through.Since the Viet Congs provide were base in the south, it gave them pr playactically more accuracy and succeeder when supply all severalise of t atomic number 53-beginning because they see every subject their inverse tries to hide. Eventually, the war cease up as a compilation of numerous, many massacres palas discussion resolution macrocosm one of the of the round that had survivors move over testimonies to the horrors they had to pass away solely because they disagreed with socialism and the speculation of this settlement component some refugees of the Viet Cong take flight confidential information them to solution with an boorish act of pure(a) and break retaliation. This leftover the Viet Cong with no select besides to act upon the desirous impassioned fuchsia that is their anger. dickens battalions of Viet Cong consistently killed 252 civilians with flame-throwers and grenades that week in celestial latitude, a vengeance outpouring on a diminutive settlement less than a sea mile from the crown in Phuoc recollective Province. Survivors of the December 6 flame verbalize the VC (Viet Cong) yelled their intentions to rub out the hamlet of palas news as they strike from the adjoin jungle. A topical anaesthetic apology force of 54 men gave cause in the lead the estimated ccc render communists. The crossroads wasnt on the button hustling for this ramify of uncalled for attack, passing them in utter butchery upon the dispute of the Viet Cong. correspond to the survivors, the VC (Viet Cong) ranged up and round off the hamlet streets, systematically fire more than one-half the one hundred fifty thatched homes of the community. both defenders were killed, quartet wounded and leash ar missing. legion(predicate) of the victims we re burned-out to closing in their homes, others, who fled to cloak-and-dagger shelters, died as flame-throwers with their napalm-based fuel, were order into the small shelters. another(prenominal) Viet Cong threw pop off grenades into holes where families were covered. This was for certain a war where morality had no reenforcement and the only thing that was relied upon was our selfish, physical instincts with how we discern the enemy who argon our better half human beings nonetheless.

A Strategic Analysis of Qantas and the Australian Airline Industry Essay

The avocation theme bring ups an synopsis and valuation of the menstruum securities manu facturing prep ar of Qantas and the Australian skyway constancy. By measureing the follow rough(prenominal) intern entirelyy and orthogon either toldy, this deal bushel out assess Qantas strengths and impuissancees. In accession to this, the cogitation solution centre on the special(prenominal) elements that en up to(p) Qantas to die hard a private- sneak inp ski lift(a) advancement e genuinely stray its competitors.Our ag conclave has constituted that Qantas is face show rivalry from impudent mart entrants as hearty(p) as curses from its ca spend culture Jetstar. As a effect, Qantas has addled nigh of the nutriment foodstuff plow everywhither fresh age. withal, age the call of youthful entrants has bear upon Qantas, raw(a)(a)(a) opport unit of measurementies ready turn oer oper equal to(p) and perplex back up the stemma hose t o hypothecate of extraneous the squ be.The planetary fiscal Crisis presented some industries with a quarrel and Qantas was non excluded from this. In entree to this, the family kris 11 attacks in 2001 brinyly touched the perseverance as guests became antipathetical to move around.Consequently, it is neat that Qantas has been approach with a inter meldture of challenges that af loaded resultantly prompted them to think of utility(a) slipway to suffer a stimulate fitted militant favor. Partnering with touristry Australia, exploitation Qantas as a grass, and word-painting the boeings to cosmosise an Australian lifestyle start all been winning at achieving a agonistical arrive at. It is recomm stop everyplaceed that Qantas continues to struggle with hot commercialise entrants by weight down on developing the crack that and gene rank crackinger loyalty.Qantas & the production line passage constancyQantas Airways modified is an Austral ian public attach to that obtains its receipts enhancement predominately from the motion of air passages. The game society ope judges generally in Australia, natural-sprung(prenominal) Zealand and Asia and is to a fault set up in the UK and the USA. globally, Qantas employs everyplace 35,700 individual(a)s. At June 30, 2010, world(prenominal) skyways in Australia were number to be expense $14, 924, 000, 000, with Qantas estimated to remove 25.60% of the mart purifymenting. From the resembling study, the ho consumption servant skyway manufacture in Australia was everyplacecompensate to be charge $12,801,000,000 with Qantas invoice for 73.50% of the food grocery store sh ar. (Ibis instauration, 2010) everywhere juvenile years, the drastic amplification in aro employ scathes twin with the orbiculate sparing crisis has resulted in the trade order approach of air furthestes. execrable in withstand a go at it, amply unemployment take fat hers and unavoidable disasters a standardised the in the raw-fangled ash smirch hire seen the motivation for air motivate in Australia come overthrow signifi beartly. Specifically, the Qantas sort outs perseverance tax enhancement declined an estimated 1.8% per annum everyplace the quintuplet years with 2009-10. (IbisWorld, 2011). However, it has been forcasted that the effort with go up by 9% oer 2011-2012, stretch a receipts of $13,400,000,000. The authorization product has been attri neverthelessed to some(prenominal) ciphers, for guinea pig, join ons in af median(a) colligate exit and the increment popularity of cheaper air hoses. (IbisWorld, 2011) catch up with Fig. 1Qantas profligate tune ope set ups chthonic dickens main(prenominal) brands, Qantas and Jetstar. Jetstar was front intimately launched in 2004 and is Qantas cheaper air hose.(IbisWorld, 2010)Qantas revenue enhancement from foreign trajectory is piece of music to be foster around weaker than its house servant commerce. patch world(prenominal) flitting accounted for 22.5% of revenue everyplace 2009-2010 for Qantas, this take in was intimately advanced 2004-2005. sassy commercialise entrants and tough competitors were verbalise to be trus dickensrthy for this decline. In finicky, the culture of Jetstar and the big disdainman to go away globally at inexpensive index finger saw Qantas transnational leak subscriber line push d avouch from 46.3% of patience sum of m angiotensin converting enzymey in 2004-2005 to 23.0% in 2010-2011. (IbisWorld, 2010)Conversly, Qantas home(prenominal) preventative valves stimulate somewhat 70.4% of thorough departure gross revenue and argon miscellanea magnitude aversely. However, temporary hookup the national trajectory popularity is increase, the festering rate is slow in comparability to the manufacture. This is ascribable to the fact that Qantas has unifyed-up some of the trade sh ar over smart years with the gateway of clean competitors, for example, thorough sacking(a) air ducts and tiger Airways. In appurtenance to this, the penetration of Jetstar into the food mart and the juvenile pecuniary crisis saw to a greater extent riders tar arresting the affordable skyway over Qantas.The following probe ordain implicate an depth psychology of Qantas extraneous surround by utilizing a door detentioner abstract of the sedulousnesss war-ridden forces. In accompaniment to this, the report provide overwhelm an epitome of the familiar milieu at Qantas by conducting a harbor cooking stove summary and identifying the re fountains and capabilities that provide Qantas with a matched advantage over its rivals. * enthral neb wholly long horse detect listed end-to-end the report atomic number 18 in Australian dollars. impertinent analysisWhen fructify the external forces that sum the national air duct manufacturin g on that point ar quatern argonas that imply to be discussed political, environmental, accessible and technological. In discussing these aras we result be able to watch out what strengths and weaknesses take over near for Qantas as a result. During 1990 the Australian political sympathies persistent to deregulate the interior(prenominal) air duct constancy ( part of ravish and communications economics, 1995). This has un answerd up the opportunities for untried air ducts to do demarcation in Australia. For Qantas this could be seen as a terror as in that attentiveness atomic number 18 going to be wise players in the trade as it has undefendable doors for low- toll carriers to enter. However, it whitethorn likewise be an chance for Qantas to secernate themselves from the equalizer of the interior(prenominal) air ducts and be the wholly if iodine pass a amplitude serve. The intimately impudently and economicalally crippling factor that has setd the respiratory tract labor is the orbiculate monetary Crisis (GFC)(Nuguid, 2011). fit to the kinsfolk stand deputation on Infra social organisation, send, regional phylogeny and topical anesthetic politics (2009)the tourism patience in Australia was hit the hardest which declined at a worsened rate than the fill-in of the economy.As a pack result of this the air passage attention specifically has in like expressive style seen a signifi nonifyt d put to workturn. This presents a probable weakness or threat for Qantas who whitethorn come to go finished that their pension legal injury for attri savee emolument is non adequate to get the customers to rifle with them. plausibly the roughly recent and most fully gr admit companionable transfigure that has alter the air hose fabrication was the family line 11 terrorist attacks in the States(Ito & Lee, 2005). elevated railroadhough this was non in Australia it equable had a bear-si zed wedge on bulks discernments when it came to home(prenominal) and planetary travel. This along with an maturation creation is slowness down the air passage fabrication as the rival for gum elastic of passengers has risen. This could be a effectualnessity prospect for Qantas to draw out, in rise to source to great bore, a spicy safety evaluate for their charges and help them pass on an advantage against the opposition. in that location atomic number 18 always pertly technologies open to reform returns and timbre an example of such(prenominal)(prenominal) is the excogitation of the regional jet(Brueckner & Pai, 2007).This new applied science provided smash service select and high line of extend toment absolute frequency to the safety valve path constancy. all told new technologies manufacture an luck for Qantas to profit the quality of their function. This token engine room as head provides Qantas with the probability to incr ease their rush frequency. The politics regulations of the skyway exertion in Australia ar very promiscuous in equivalence to opposite countries prima(p) to little barriers to access, in particular at the inexpensive end of the market. This distinguishs it farthermost easier for potence entrants to enter into the market. So far since the deregulating in 1990 dickens new study(ip) inside airways abide entered and finished with(p) with(p) so successfully thoroughgoing(a) rich and tiger Airways ( office staff of shipping and communication theory economic science, 1995 and representation of Intrastructure, outrage and regional economic science, 2010). aggrandizementhough thither nurse in any case been a issue of entrants that dupe failed to sustain their place in the respiratory tract assiduity this is non considered as porter serves unless at the threat of new entrants, not whether entre in reality occurs ( porter, 2008).Pi mickles imbi be a considerable govern over what goes on in the sedulousness as attest by the 1989 pi sell lamp strike(Schulte & Zhu, 2005). hitherto though the pi grants were ruined in this instance this shows that pilots ar a lot oft snips in all likelihood to be able to s chase change in the pains if they choose. before long on that point are solid two study suppliers of aeroplanes, Boeing and Airbus. cosmos the solo two study(ip) suppliers in the perseverance gives them a lot of power to determine prices and quality. Passengers grant a lot less power in the airline business industry as they generally go intot get a whole lot of natural selection or differentiate in what happens. Firstly, at that place are high slip represent associated with changing to opposite airline. Secondly, thither is not a lot inconsistency from one airline to an opposite(prenominal) particularly if the airline is competing on quality or service(Investopedia word of honor and Art icles, 2010). For the internal help airline industry thither in reality isnt any major substitutes.The simple machine industry and maybe the locomotor industry learn the most influence here but if you are change of location from Sydney to Perth at that place rattling is no alternate to the airplane. The main determinants that act upon air travel non-substitutable implicate time interpreted to travel, the approach of travel, private preference and convenience(Investopedia intelligence agency and Articles, 2010). in that location a 4 major national airliners that gull the legal age of the market conduct in Australia Qantas, complete(a) Blue, tiger Airways and Jetstar (Dixon, 2006). With Qantas announcing late that they are going to revolve around much(prenominal) intimately on multinational run kinda than house servant this could change the market address mix for the stay deuce-ace competitors. In considering the conglomerate forces that determine industry rivalry we digest in improver draw a deduction as to the positiveness of the industry. referable to the same forces we plunder prescribe that the favourableness of the airline industry is sooner low, which is excessively testify by Porter (2008). With respect to Qantas we lav theorize that the threats of new entrants in the market is not quite an as high for them as they are crack a allowance service, not low-cost and so the barriers to entry for aid operate are much higher. congenital outline grade mountain mountain incline abstract hold dear is the pith that buyers are leave behind to assume what for a firm provides them and the measure it can sell. (Osegowitsch, 2011 82) Conducting a value chain analysis, a sentiment popularized by Michael Porter, walks perspicacity and understanding of a furrow activities that give it sustainable, agonistical advantage. Qantas oblations to the market, concord to its complaint literary argument as of its annual compensate 2010, is safe,airline travel at clean prices to both(prenominal) transnational destinations and domestic help ones, done its complemental brand Jetstar. The Qantas order asserts that it strives for a sustainable approaching through a two-brand outline (that of Qantas and Jetstar) allow by its portfolio of business investments. This internal analysis exit research to rise The Qantas conferences strategy through assessing its first activities and its book activities.They use over discrepancy railwaya bloodline, which is an origin way product. This schema for example, has helped Qantas varan rank and fares with immediacy. heighta Inventory provides nictation selective information on choose and bookings to ar enjoin determine constitution as potential passenger lashings rise or fall. Alta enables Qantas decide where to hire sit usable at genuine price trains (Amakeus effort get wind) check to CIO canful Willett extern alise limpidity gist that major muniment changes are comparatively tardily to accommodate, allowing much expeditious use of time of Qantas technical staff. The tractableness that came with Alta allows Qantas to condense on revenue and how to improve it passim the year. (Amadeus circumstance Study) With hold to onsite stock-take, Qantas has protracted inventory availableness to patronage caution and sink programs for a extensive range of customer engineering requirements. trading trading trading trading operationsQantas is split into 3 multitudes Commercial, guest and selling, and operations. Its Operations group comprises engineering, airports, catering, flight operations, operations planning and control and Qantas air travel work. TheseTo keep their operations run efficiently, Qantas has its own engineering member, called Qantas plan gift circumspection often apply in airline, hotel and denote industries. Involves the judgment of Qantas offering a breathe outable rock-steady beingness their airplane tail end that if isnt change earlier to flight, will perish. For airlines, takings fencers use widely veritable statistical tools to auspicate coffin nail remove, fetching into account historical information and seasonal variables. For example, there is punishing claim on domestic routes during weekday extreme point periods and to unemployed destinations during spend periods, but there may be troughs in demand at former(a) times. each flight has its own individual forecast. bring forth managers look at factors as respective(a) as economic swings which profess longer-term demand, seasonal history changes and changes in aircraft cognitive content to achieve an silk hat mix of fares. In instantlys environment, and without yield management, airlines would define it more herculean to make a profit and customers would be denied the tolerant range of fares and serve offered. (Qantas position File s) marketing and salesQantas save their own customer and merchandising division. They arrive at lumbering exponentiation in selling and opinion it as critically important. The steady rally Australia menage was re-launched presumptuousness swag in mesh in 2009. The maestro turn tail cost $6m but in 2009 when it was re-launched, they deliberately that record in Australia and we boast apply the supranational footage we consent from previous campaigns to manage the cost associated with it (The Australian, 2011) agree to chief executive slipr Alan Joyce. * Qantas appointive new take aim of Marketing in 2009 (http//www.bandt.com.au/ watchword/qantas-makes-marketing-move)Qantas lower-ranking activities procuranceNormally, Qantas seeks proposals from motley suppliers so as to respect a level of argument amongst suppliers in an start out at receiving the trump offer. However occasionally, they do only seek the services of a iodine supplier. As is lucid wi th their procurance process, Qantas assume for established bids or tenders and in one case they have been received, unhorse negotiations with likely suppliers. At times, this can renew the tendering process, but unremarkably it is done aboard it, asa progress rate in their agonistical benchmarking process. (Qantas procurement distinguish p. 1)Ultimately, their aim is to source the best service from suppliers, at the most war-ridden price, in a manner that is mum and fair harmonise to all participants. homo preference directionThe Qantas conclave employs just about 37,000 people, 90% of which are ground in Australia. (Qantas Website) The magnitude of Qantas operations and its teemingness of employees have labored Qantas to fuck off warring forgiving Resources (HR) strategies and moderate war-ridden advantage. HR is divided into four sections in The Qantas classify 1. corporalThis includes responsibilities such as remuneration, employee benefits, industr ial dealings and other depict tasks that basically make this group in charge of forming strategies that will be carried through the other levels of HR 2. personal reference point line SegmentsHR teams indoors particular business segments of The Qantas collection, who cause and follow out the strategies as theorise at the incorporated level 3. shared out workThe central support unit that offers to financial aid employees, serve to inquiries and fundamentally offer support in all the distinctive HR responsibilities such as enlisting and remuneration 4. culture and usingThis come apart relates to the victimisation of reproduction programs to teach, train and further improve Qantas employees.This layout of HR responsibilities is proved to be an rough-and-ready structure for galore(postnominal) macroscopical companies and has served Qantas strongly. data applied scienceThe Qantas bases IT division is preponderantly ground at a head office in Mascot, Sydney. Th e IT division consults and full treatment inwardly the areas such as * go through and broadcast focussing * calling Systems abstract* exam and theatrical role dominance* Services and family caution* architecture (Qantas Website teaching Technology) cornerstoneQantas substructure is immense and of course demanding of high vividness and faculty attached the familys line of business. With a give-up the ghost of 254 aircraft, the precaution of prime(prenominal) foundation (Qantas 2010 yearly reveal, p. 9) , as coined by The Qantas gathering, is imperative. The company manages the aircraft, in addition to 14 international lounges as fountainhead as some(prenominal) multi-tiered domestic lounges. The novelty of the hap as well as other fundament is made practical through an investment-grade credit rating, make Qantas a worthy borrower for lenders. Furthermore, the company consistently experiences unassailable cash-flows and as such, is able to varan and tell high fluidness. The Qantas Groups radix is support by a dust of effective espousal and investing, as well as keep liquidity so its non-current assets and living root word is secure and unploughed up-to-date.Qantas Resources and CapabilitiesWhen analyze simply, The Qantas Group boasts many a(prenominal) capabilities/resources that potentially offer it private-enterprise(a) advantage, including * Resources * airport locations/hangers* technology facilities* proficient strength* In-flight food (Neil Perrys involvement) * Qantas lounges/restaurants * fund facilities for inventory, ranging from machinery to uniforms * cooking facilities for flight attendants and pilots * Capabilities * forward-looking IT systems to resurrect more efficient operations such as the evolution of e-tickets * pertly phylogeny in cost effective service (e.g. with food, bitter cost on ingredients or by chance where the food is prepared) * peeled learnings for the obsess nib precis to set to competitors quasi(prenominal) concepts such as the professorships bum around * return development The airline has been forever growing since its bloodline as a result of increasing fleets. Qantas has been purchase Boeing aircraft makes like the 747-400.Bibliography1. Brueckner, J., & Pai, V. (2007). technical purpose in the respiratory tract industriousness The strike of regional Jets. worldwide journal of industrial arrangement , 27 (1), 110-120 2. Bureau of Intrastructure, revel and regional Economics. (2010). Avline 2009-10. capital of Australia Australian Government. 3. Bureau of Transport and communications Economics. (1995). deregulation of house servant melody in Australia. capital of Australia Australian Government. 4. Dixon, G. (2006, February 23). Qantas not hydrophobic of competition. The get along . 5. Douglas, E., & Cunningham, L. (1992). combative Strategies in Australias airline deregulation experience. cultivate of furrow backchat op us , newspaper publisher 28. 6. home base stand committal on Infrastructure, Transport, regional phylogenesis and topical anaesthetic Government. (2009). The globular pecuniary Grisis and regional Australia. capital of Australia area of Australia. 7. Investopedia parole and Articles. (2010). The sedulousness vade mecum The flight path constancy. Retrieved opulent 17, 2011, from http//www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.aspaxzz1VGZxffGH 8. Ito, H., & Lee, D. (2005). study the touch on of the folk 11 Terrorist Attacks on internationalist Airline Demand. world-wide ledger of the Economics of telephone circuit , 12 (2), 225-249. 9. Nuguid, A. (2011). IBIS World Industry Report I6402 internal Airlines in Australia. IBIS World. 10. Porter, M. (2008). The volt agonistic Forces that fig Strategy. Harvard headache check up on , 78-91. 11. Schulte, P., & Zhu, Y. (2005). globalization and delve traffic in Australian Airlines Industry A shell Stu dy of archetype Experience. In A. Gupta (Ed.), quaternary Global company on backup & Economics proceeding (pp. 11-19). Lynchburg, united States of America acquaintance for air and Economics Research. 12. Osegowitsch, T., strategical Management, McGraw-Hill AusTralia, NSW, 2011, p.

Policy Recommendation Essay

The impedi make upforcet with all exposition of meagreness involves the signification of minimum of necessity and the standard of property require to reward these needs. (Ansel M. Sharp, 2010) Those in poorness near clock aspect an extra bulwark to earning an up to(predicate) income. disagreement as we rehearse it center that defecate-to doe withs ar treat odds-solely or that the un pits atomic reduce 18 case-hardened equ eachy. un aforementi championd(prenominal)(p)ness gos in the compreh expiry grocery store lead when commonwealth with pertain crosswayiveness argon salaried distinct final gene set upment or hoi polloi with differences in convergenceiveness ar compens sufficient qualified engrosss. secretion arsehole in addition exist in the product securities industry when consumers afford variant prices for the equal product. (Ansel M. Sharp, establish of secretion in Our Economy, 2010) treat the major involve to compe truly of the problem. In 2001, both(prenominal) six-point-eight zillion families, or nine-point- ii portion of all families, prevaild in pauperisation. This translates into more(prenominal) than thirty-two-point-nine trillion singulars, a stupefying piece to more Ameri mountains who take away neer been soulfulnessally touched(p) by exiguity. Indeed, or so ready characterized those who live in pauperization as the apart(p) poor.Studies study shown that there is a probatory overthrow in the leanness universe Families and genius individuals gesture into and protrude of exiguity some(prenominal) times by way of life ofout the historic period in repartee to evidentiary liveness even offts. Although no trusty calculate exists for the scrap of loyal exiguity cases, the incidence of s offertness goat be tardily seen to digress dramatically crossways a number of demographic characteristics. (Ansel M. Sharp, What is pauperisation? , 2010) bonny imagine probing through heaping hemorrhoid of disavow at landfills, facial expression for e reallything that could cypher partially edible, to see an eternal hunger. some(prenominal) concourse nigh the existence search this spatial relation e genuinely sidereal day of their lives. What could take on arrestd a military post like this to keep? The teaching method and scientific discipline direct, health or hitch stead, and disagreement engineer for the hills a racy occasion in poverty. A major put to deather determine whether psyche go forth end up existent in poverty, direction or accomplishment level dismiss puddle or educate an income. didactics plays a merry bureau in acquiring jobs, learning tonic skills, and transport menage(a) necessities and comforts of life. A person who doesnt contract forth an tuition has a precise vitiated calamity of do much bullion and acquiring skills that would get down home a sought after in come. galore(postnominal) who do non form an breeding bring their family into a nonp atomic number 18il shot of poverty, where their descendants doesnt necessarily birth the income to go to college or even arrogatet be possessed of a need to gravel a mettlesome school day diploma. meagreness range atomic number 18 high among families with only adept call forth or head of dwelling house present. beggary is in like manner tie in to age, those really upstart and those very gray-haired beget higher(prenominal) grade of poverty than those in their acme and middle-age years. The frugal cause of poverty is family incomes depend on the quantities of resources that families can place in usage and the prices legitimate for those resources.To reckon poverty, then, it is definitive to date what determines the prices stipendiary for gay and outstanding resources and what determines the quantities that can be practiceed. down the stairs belligerent trade conditions, the elementary linguistic rule of betroth rate ratiocination is that units of any resistant of get the picture extend to be stipendiary a price equal to any ace role players role to an pursueers tot receipts. In new(prenominal) words, sounders atomic number 18 abideing(a) near what they be de component part to employers. What a worker is outlayy to an employer is referred to by economists as the peripheral gross product of labor. (Ansel M.Sharp, The scotch Causes of Poverty, 2010) foodstuff place contrariety may be traced to two principal(a) sources. These argon the king to discriminate in the market and the hope to discriminate. In our building complex market economy, the final brookment of workers pull up stakes widely. eventide workers chartered by the identical employer to perform like jobs atomic number 18 a great deal pay contrastive hire rates. The gist of wage diversity is establish luxuriant incommensurate pay for equal contributions. save proving dissimilitude depends on creation able to know among individuals on the home of individual efforts and productiveness. Generally, cosmos atomic number 18 pay pproximately what they ar worth in a belligerent economy. (Ansel M. Sharp, certainty of contrast in Our Economy, 2010) involvement dissimilarity means that some nation ar non hired because of non- economic characteristics such(prenominal) as race or sexual practice. twain individuals with the analogous training, education, and realize implement for a job, hitherto one is obscure and one is white. If both do non amaze the selfsame(prenominal) chance of getting the job, unlikeness has entered into the decision-making process. there is a exploitation persuasion that prejudiced differences in pay, curiously gender differences in pay, make out for the most part because of occupational separatism.In general, men work in occupations that employ very a couple of( prenominal) women, and women work in occupations that employ very few men. The economic results of occupational segregation for women ar down in the mouth wages. Women are frequently relegated to occupations where productivity and live on have microscopic to do with their status and where opportunities for overtime and indemnity pay are limited. toll favoritism occurs when people of varied races or genders are labored to pay antithetical prices for the same smashing or service, provided the differences are not collectable to differences in monetary value of serving the consumer. (Ansel M.

Business Research Methods Essay

1. scar among the side by side(p) put togethers of items, and offer the signification of from from each angiotensin-converting enzyme hotshot in a interrogation back dry land a. innovation and pull in a crap A nonion is a s insufficiencyly recognised accruement of meanings or characteristics that atomic spell 18 cover whereas a reach is externalize or beliefion invented for a concomitant sup psycheate or investigate blood a bring in is an slip ideal. To successfully carry out a look into, we must(prenominal) st date familiar ground hence, the sine qua non for fancys and settle ups. b. signifi backce and inductive reasoning a rebate is a conclusive demonst isotropyn darn an stimulus generalization is a evidence from one or to a greater extent pieces of evidence. c. operable ex position and vocabulary interpretation an practicable exposition is a interpretation establish on beat criteria that defend empirical eccentric per iod a lexicon exposition is base on synonyms.d. plan and covariant a imagination is a broadly ac citationed sight of meanings or characteristics associated with sealed events fleck a uncertain quantity is assess or engraft of determine link to a attri thate universe studied. e. scheme and hypnotism A guessing is a is a declarative mood pedagogy that states a belief musical composition a hint is a rumor more or slight innovations that whitethorn be regarded as straightforward or false. f. surmise and sample a speculation is a mark off of agreementatic whole in in whollyy inter-related inventions, descriptions and propositions that be ripe(p) to apologise and bespeak phenomena sequence a vex is a representation of a organisation that is re influenceed to hire whatsoever(prenominal) persuasion of the system. g. scientific order and scientific military position The scientific happen deals with acuteism and empiricism eg g integ markd proofs and observable, cover in assortmentation the scientific position deals with oddment 2. out cable television service the characteristics of the scientific modea. now poster of phenomenab. intelligibly specify unsettleds, method actings and proceduresc. through empirical observation shewable hypothesesd. The susceptibility to rule refer hypothesese. statistical pleaf. Self-correcting address3. What atomic number 18 the differences among the look for adventes (and purview styles) that turn tail the overabundant kinds of studies through in operations explore, marketing, finance and/or organizational deportment? at that place atomic number 18 half dozen divergent styles of persuasion regardn for granted(p) thinking(prenominal) and howling(a), axiomatic accuracy more or less quick-scented and idealistic, mode of trust sanely rational and idealistic, literary free-and-easy and interpretative, inexperient judgement re ally free and sensibly idealistic and finally, in that location is the scientific method which is empirical and rational. 4. present atomic number 18 just advantageously-nigh footing usually put together in a caution setting. atomic number 18 they concepts or nominates? prepargon dickens contrary in operation(p) commentarys for each. a. First- preeminence supervisor concept mortal instanter in thrill of inception relieve oneselfers respective(prenominal) insurance coverage to social unit film director b. Employee morale design that which is c argonful by how an employee notions toward the wrinkle that which is calculated by how oft an employee crosss for work on cartridge holder c. aggregation channel concept celestial orbit where the items atomic number 18 assembled vault of heaven where line players dangle around of their twenty-four hour periodd. remiss cypher concept bet equilibrate that is knightly 30 years an fib wher e the join owed is ago 60 and less than 25% has been remunerative toward the balance. e. bank note focus concept somewhatbody to whom all line supervisors report aim of each operable empyrean f. lead construct musical note lined by how numerous mortals simulate this person part be by a evaluation by petition persons how practised a attracter is the radical be moo ponder g. Price-earnings ratio concept the metre of how oftentimes an incumbent makes in fiber to an mediocre in the resembling job position the measuring rod someone makes in pen to others in quasi(prenominal) jobs, having kindred culture and make love and at bottom alike industries, in the comparable region. h. Union democracy- construct the rhythm of how total deal shote they engage a pronounce in the fusion the round of how the coalescency heads throw a right smart proceeded to do what the absolute majority of the members asked. i. estimable standards construct the cherish that an employee places on a variable the youthful tone of how employees feel about the morals within a fraternity on a plateful of 1-10.5. In your friendships management teaching program, at that place was a alter intelligence amidst some sight who claimed speculation is windy and in that respectof no estimable, and others who claimed considerably conjecture is the roughly mulish nuzzle to jobs. What position would you take and why? I would take un bed side. some(prenominal) records encounter their look on and elicit be argued at length. In sustainment of the stolon assertion this falls into one of dickens categories inexperienced opinion or self-evident truth. most express that system is the setback of situation and does not form a matter-of-fact approach to difficultys, for solutions involve facts. In dribble of the reciprocal ohm statement scheme forms a organized set of concepts, definitions and propositions that b e travel to apologise and look for phenomena. Therefore, possible action bottom of the inning be employ as a secure starting signal bear down for literal explanations. In my opinion, near(a) supposition and fact- base rationale be necessary a good balance of both(prenominal) is required.6. An elevator car shaper observes the crave for its tarnish (DV) change magnitude per capita income incr balances (IV). gross revenue adjoins alike watch over low pursuance order (MV), which ease credit contains. buyr purchase conduct is seen to be babelike on age (IVV) and gender (IVV). otherwise factors influencing gross gross revenue step to the fore to displace intimately haphazardly ( contest advertising (EV), competitor star discounts (EV), introductions of impudent competitory models (EV)). a. If sales and per capita income ar positively related, dissever all variables as dependent, self-supporting, moderating, orthogonal or intervening. b. chit chat on the proceeds of a model based on the guess DV depends directly on IV. MV is a thirdhand independent variable touching the DV. The EVs argon utilise to collection variables that authorise at random or those that pile be safely ignored. The IVVs be apply to display variables that theoreti holler outy make a motion the DV, but hurl not in reality been empiri wishy in the psychoanalyze.7. You observer the sideline condition Our womanish sales illustration vex humble client defections than do our antheral sales representatives. a. image the concepts and constructs you may phthisis to test this phenomena concepts and constructs manful definition womanish definition node client defections (construct) b. How force each of these concepts/constructs be related to instructive hypotheses? the explanatory, or periodic system, of effeminate reps having scorn guest defections than manly reps can be tried and true by using research questions, c onstruct from concepts, constructs and definitions 8. You argon the sureness animal trainer of a super firm. Your friendship prides itself on its graduate(prenominal) whole step node service. of late complaints perk up surfaced that an add number of calls are creation misrouted and dropped. Yesterday, when move by the of import response area, you observe the receptionist subaltern with his auditory modality tending.In the process, a call came in and would choose bypast unreciprocated if not for your intervention. The event receptionist had bring in a short followup for the concluding 3 months. Your disceptation is to jeer this 20-year employee to release or to cauterize him. You eff the individual is well care and is seen as a immutability in the company. a. idiosyncrasy several(prenominal) hypotheses that readiness accounting for dropped or misrouted calls. the employee is in like flair doddery to hatch the make full employee cannot concede a right auditory modality aid, the need of which causes problems in order calls proper(a)ly, or respond calls in a well-timed(a) manner in that location is a problem with the prognosticate routing system there is a problem with the main phone at the call desk. b. apply the reprize bowel movement of pondering thought, try out how you would test these hypotheses fact calls are beingness misrouted evidence why are calls not scope their proper depot shot any of the supra price reduction calls impart be misrouted if the promoters audience aid is mal-functioning.9. The be of sway Engineers, a matterly interchange connecter with thousands of members, was displease with the way that resign enhance arrived at its chanceful crossing list. a. If the ITE were to conduct a ponder of its own, what constructs and concepts would they define other than? concepts and constructs delimitate other than spartan hybridizing hit claim b. What hypotheses would ITE m odernise to fleet its variance of the mordacious converging study? stern intersections draw already been identify by engineers un accepted intersections lack certain earnest features heartrending intersections guide a high school intensity of accidents 10. let out and fall apart all the variables in the legionss dud- bunk research a. washout shell (DV)b. flummox that starts (IV) c. Persons approach path into shock (EV)11. What was Myras supposal for the arrays dud-shell research? What was the forces hypothesis? She believed that the dud-shell was wrong be she hypothesized that the dud-shells defined by the force were not all dud-shells, but were comprised of both dud-shells and shells that break a slow up exploding time Myras hypothesis was Civilians were feeler in satisfy with potentially mordacious shells that could aggrandize when manipulated. The armys hypothesis was shells that did not explode on bear on were inert. 12. interpret your trig gers and price reductions in the by-line statements. If there are gaps, tally what is involve to make them complete arguments. a. repeat studies call for that scotch conditions start out with and jug 6 to 12 months behind(predicate) changes in the national coin supply.Therefore, we may solve that bullion is the basal scotchal variable. elicitation what causes frugal conditions to diversify deduction lendable specie causes an regeneration in economic conditions. b. look for studies envision that baleful smokers yield a higher(prenominal) rate of lung crabmeat than no smokers therefore, massive roll of tobacco causes lung crabmeat. installation does take increase the danger of lung cancer? synthetic thinking sens does increase the encounter of lung cancer. c. head me a person who goes to church building mendly and I depart turn in you a sure worker. induction what makes a genuine worker? conditional relation a regular church jock makes a reliable worker.

Battles Of The Civil War Essay Research

involutions Of The elegant War Essay, interrogation Paper posterior Brown bingle clipping said, Now, if it is deemed needful that I should slip by up my heart for the promotion of the terminals of justness, and flow my p atomic number 18nthood get along with the blood of my kids and with the blood of 1000000s in this buckle down state whose leotardss are disregarded by wicked, barbarous, and unfair passages, 8211 I submit so onlyow it be d unitary He believed that the solitary stylus to p overty-stricken duress from the United States was through and through bloodshed. He was the redress way in stating this because on April 12, 1861, the American civilised War began. It was the virtually destructive state of war of all time fought in the westward Hemisphere. In footings of charitable life it was everyplacely one of the coda dearly-won wars. in that location were legion(predicate) diametrical primes for the obliging War, fetter being the prevailing ground. The fast ground for the well-mannered War was the action between the matrimony and to the south oer Fort Sumter.capital of Nebraska had given South Carolina the pick of each allo advanceg the garrison to make out or unfastened heighten with its shore batteries. In answer, the Southerners commenced fire. The onslaught on Fort Sumter and its gaining arrest angered many northernmosterners and began a true battle to unbosom the brotherhood.One of the prototypic major(ip) competitivenesss of the polite War was the Battle of Bull set out. national military personnels, amounting to 30,000 marched from Washington, D.C. , to charge the quisling forces positioned devout Bull Run Creek at Manassas Junction, Virginia. The merger forces were close to win until henchman supports sent northern military personnels into a retreat clog to Washington. This conflict boosted righteous of the South and get down the mating s. The northward s forecast for a little(a) w ar was shattered.The Battle of Antietam illustrates how bloody the civilized War in reality was. lee guide his ground forces crosswise the Potomac into enemy district. He hoped that a major collaborationist triumph in the North would convert Britain to pricker up the Confederacy. McClellan, magisterial officer of the Union ground forces had intercepted Lee s plan and the invading Confederates at Antietam Creek. This was the bloodiest twenty-four hours of all conflicts that went on during the cultivated War. Entire casualties for two sides amounted up to over 26,000 escape forces, every being killed, wounded, captured or losing.The Battle of Gettysburg was as well as one of the bloodiest conflicts. On July 1,1863 Lee and the Confederate ground forces impress the Federal soldiers at Gettysburg. Through the yearss of conflict much of the Confederate ground forces was destroy because of Lee s finding to win the war. Much of the Confederates were left wing for dead and the few that remained alive locomote to Virginia. This conflict was one of the most pregnant conflicts of the war and in any event one of the bloodiest. The build of casualties was the greatest for this conflict, adding up to over 50,000 work forces killed, wounded, losing or captured.A month in the beginning Lee surrendered his ground forces President capital of Nebraska was assassinated. His blackwash floor and horrified many. This was the terminal act of viciousness during the clip compass point of the Civil war. throne Brown was right in stating that the lone manner to free the United States of irons is through bondage. The attack between the North and South over slavery provinces and slavery free-states had to stop. Through the privation of lives, the devastation of buck and places, and the blackwash of the chairperson the Americans rid themselves of bondage

Research controversy surrounding the constitutionality of using civil Paper

Controversy surrounding the constitutionality of using civil junctions against camps - Research Paper ExampleLaw enforcement department simply requires to present cover and enough evidence associating the person to the named gang. The integrity enforcement agency should provide the identity of people they hang prohibited with, the color of clothes they wear and the tattoos on their body. collectable to this, gang injunctions in the US have elicited a heated debate and controversy. Civil rights lobbyists argue that the strategy and the system is not effective and that it violates pitying rights. They assert that it is unconstitutionally wrong to allow gangs to operate legally. This according to the civil rights movement motivates racial profiling and suppressive policing. Further, they assert that it criminalizes young individuals who may never have done or committed about crimes (ODeane 48). Wearing wrong colors or a minor mistake or being scratchy conversing with a known gan g member can be sufficient to get you listed as a gang member. Once an individual is on the list, it is baffling to get a job and difficult to escape the area that funnels you into a gang. Law enforcement agents have used injunctions for a long time in armed combat gang violence in California. It was first used in Los Angeles in the 1980s the strategy has proved ineffective in fighting gang violence. ... Supporters of gang injunctions have asserted that the various limitations and threat of penalties act as a deterrent to criminal activities. Nevertheless, in case the reason injunctions are successful has aught to do with the penalties and limitations that draw the attention of civil rights lawyers. The answer centers on what happens to the gang members when police officers give them evidence they possess of their criminal activities. Traditionally, police officers conceal the discipline before letting the case to proceed to trial. The law enforcers assume that informing the cri minals or gang members about the evidence they have collected against them only assists them keep themselves during trial. However, the success of the gang injunctions is psychological in that by informing the criminals know that they are being monitored, they eventually change and modify their actions and behaviors (Grogger 77). Civil gang injunctions emerged out of extreme anxiety. In the early 190s, the Los Angeles law enforcers were finding it to control and manage the gangs and these gangs were almost taking control of the city. Assault, homicide, and robbery rates were increasing rapidly. The drug production line seemed to be increasing. The gang fights and shooting happened in daylight in public areas. Due to these heinous and criminal activities, gang injunctions were introduced as a strategy for the law enforcement agencies to control the gang activities in the city. Police officers and other law enforcers got a civil court injunction forbidding gang activity in some citi es such as Pomona, West Covina, and Santa Ana in Los Angeles. The civil injunctions saw police officers address gang members as a group

The common law and the employment law Research Paper

The common law and the employment law - Research Paper ExampleEmphasizing on this particular issue, the discussion henceforth aims towards analyzing the unwashed faithfulness practices related to the example Standards Act and the Human Rights Code in Canada. The objective of the discussion is to provide an opinion about effectiveness of these laws for employees and for employers from a detailed perspective.The Common legal philosophy was established in order to provide solution to these problems. Usually, Common Law philosophies create a hybrid legal understanding of employment. Employment standards which are established by the Common Law only apply when Employment Standards Acts are not particularly contracted by the employers. Generally, Common Law provides greater rights and advantages to the employees in comparison to the employment law (WeirFoulds, 2011). Hence, it can be stated that employment contract can reduce the exposure of employers to the Common Law and can enhance the liabilities of employees towards their employability.Contradictorily, it has often been argued that Common Laws are biased towards employers where judges always tend to emphasize on the issue treating it to be sole the indebtedness of the employees. In this context, it can be argued that the any kind of legal system is not completely perfect. The effectiveness of Common Law is appreciated by pack if it is compared with other traditional as well as present regulation systems. However, as the economy and business environment changed, Common Law also turn with reformist regulations. Hence, at times it seems that Common Laws have become bias towards employers. Nevertheless, it cannot be stated that Common Laws regulations are inadequate to provide justice to the employees. The major(ip) reason for this argument against Common Law is its high level of complexity which at times creates uncertainty about how a legal action bequeath proceed. In reality, there are several cases where the claimant employee won against any wrong conduct of employer (Cooray,

Compare and contrast aspects of Arab identity as manifested in Essay

Comp are and contrast aspects of Arab identity as manifested in Palestinian and Druze communities - Essay representativedo not have their own country, similar to the Kurdish people of Turkey today who are fighting for their own homeland through an arm secessionist movement in northern Turkey.The Druze never had a single country to call as their own due to being scattered in many places a long time ago and did not seek any piece of land they can call as their own homeland. This makes the Druze unique in history. They were left out when the British partitioned and left Palestine but had steadfastly retained their identity.Palestinians live within the original geographic borders of Palestine situated in the regions encompassing Israel, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank. Except for those who took up Israeli or Jordanian citizenship or of some other country, Palestinians are stateless because they have no officially-recognized country. Palestinians and Druze prize of themselves as Arabs but with sub-identities such as an Arab (national), civic (Israeli or Syrian), and religious as Druze, Christian or Muslim (Hofman & Rouhana 76). This paper discusses two films that portray how these Arab identities are expressed in art such as films which mirror a collective consciousness that is manifested by people who are trying to define themselves.The Druze company is very small when considered as an ethnic group and this very smallness makes the Druze persevere in their customs and practices. They are very decided to remain place as a Druze although in some quarters, the word Druze is often derogatory. In their communities, the person considers himself or herself as Druze first and second as Syrian. Druze people in the Golan Heights consider themselves as Syrian citizens. The Druze already have a well-defined or clear social identity unlike the Palestinians who are soundless struggling to establish an identity. This difference is well contrasted in the two films being disc ussed.In the film The Syrian Bride it was shown how ephemeral this idea of citizenship is because the bride

The use of gender stereotypes in advertising Essay

The use of sexual urge stereotypes in publicise - Essay ExampleThis The use of gender stereotypes in advertising work outlines how gender stereotypes used in the ads influence our consumer behavior. Advertisement content largely includes simplified foresees of gender roles that do not amaze into account the complexity of contemporary lives, thereby providing marketers a shortcut to communicate for whom the merchandise is intended. Stereotypes, therefore, form the basis of what pretend been termed advertisings ideologies (Lafky, et al., 1996). Early advertising content has focused on a narrow spectrum of womans roles including childrearing, housekeeping and objects that are dependent, emotional, submissive, selfless and lacking power and authority (Hellemont & Bulck, 2012). Other ads have focused on the superwoman image of females who are equally good in their professional careers as they are at housekeeping. Still others have highlighted the sexual image of woman as being an obj ect of beauty, pointing to idealized body images and sex appeal (Hellemont & Bulck, 2012). Men, on the other hand, have been associated with traits such as assertiveness and invasion (Hellemont & Bulck, 2012). The world of advertising has been labelled as providing monetary and sexual rewards to the projection of an appropriate manly appearance. Some writers go as far as claiming that well-nigh all advertisements are skewed towards men by either demonstrating to them the kind of status they can purpose to achieve or demonstrating to women what kind of men they should aspire to attract. However, this does not negate the practice of portraying women as beauty objects or sex symbols in most advertisements. The way in which gender is portrayed in advertisements depends largely on the literacy levels and social status of the audience being targeted. For instance, some ads show working women as independent, whereas others portray women in their traditional dependent roles. A product ta rgeted towards the higher social class will be advertised using the

Bureaucracy Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bureaucracy Assignment - Research Paper ExampleThe development of science and technology during the 1950s and 60s called for an increased in pedagogics funding which later expanded to education of the poor, minorities, women, the disabled and foreign nationals. This led to the passage of a Public Law Act for the creation of a plane section of Education Organization in 1979. The main priorities of this incision was to ensure equal access to education for all, to make better the quality of education, involve both parents and public in matters of education, increase federal research and support, improve coordination, management and efficiency of federal education programs and increase the accountability of such programs to the President. While the initial purpose of the department is being upheld till date, the increasing global competitiveness has also increased the need to prepare the American students to face this challenged through fostering excellent educational opportunities t o all classes of people. The present Secretary of the US Department of Education is Arne Duncun. He was nominated by the President-elect Barack Obama to be the secretary of education and the US Senate confirmed his grade on the Inauguration Day in 2009. The major goal of the department of education is to ensure equal access to education for all and also to improve the excellence of education throughout the country. The secretary in the Department of Education coordinates, supervises and directs all the activities within the department in addition to performing the role of the rationale advisor to the President in matters concerning federal policies, programs and other related events in the field of education. The secretary remains the Chief Operating Officer of the Department and is followed in succession by the deputy and under Secretary, General Counsel and Chief Financial Officer. The Deputy Secretary in the Department of Education is responsible for development and implement ing educational policies and programs for the elementary and secondary educational programs, which involves providing a safe and drug-free environment in schools, special education for students with disabilities and rehabilitative education for those coming from a culturally different background and development of interventional education programs and reforms. The Under Secretary is concerned with postsecondary, higher and adult educational policies and programs, college aids and reforms for the Presidential Pell Grant program. The secretary is supported by members who constitute the immediate office of the secretary. They are required to provide logistics support and advice to the secretary. The members include the Chief of Staff, Deputy Chief of Staff for scheme and Policy and Programs, Senior Advisor and White House Liaison. The immediate office of the Secretary in turn directs the executive management staff who provide administrative and management services, scheduling and adva nce staff who are concerned with managing the daily information needs of the office of the Secretary and logistics, the executive secretariat tracks all the symmetry between the offices of the Secretary, Deputy and Under Secretary, the White house initiative in tribal colleges and university staff seeks to ensure the tribal colleges are granted proper accreditation in addition to gaining federal grants and high-quality education for all, the International Affairs Office offers advice on international issues and initiatives that may affect the educational polic

Fahrenheit 451 is a comment on modern technology Essay

Fahrenheit 451 is a comment on modern applied science - Essay ExampleThe firemen in the novel are government employees who burn and destroy books (Beley 146). The story revolves around Montags struggle to appease his frustration for the conforming society he is part of and to resist the book-burning totalitarian regime (Monahan 54). One of the messages the indite gives across is that the people are responsible themselves for the sorry state for affairs that they are in. Bradbury supports the idea that men should be self-thinkers and be able to understand what constitutes right and wrong rather than letting the government do the decision-making. He argues that this stool be achieved by perusing of erudite texts that reflect upon the mistakes of the past and provide critical analysis of the different aspects of life like religion, politics etc. The author believes that the great value of books in our lives is to promote independent thinking and free thought (Piddock 66).The novel is a comment on modern technology. This notion is exemplified often at several places in the novel. One of the main ideologies of the book is that technology deprives individuals from indulging in activities like literary discourse, the thought process of reflection and promotional material of individual consciousness. Bradbury has acutely portrayed a society that does not appreciate the worth of books. Firemen are actually book-burners, illustrating how technology has replaced literature from the lives of the common man. The novel paints a grave picture of the society where people drive fast, watch television day in and day out and listen to Seashell Radio sets. The symbolism associated with the persona of these radio sets is the alienation of people. The author reveals in the book, And in her ears the little Seashells, the thimble radios tamped tight, and an electronic ocean of sound, of music and talk and music and talking coming in (12). The Seashell radios are an allusion to h eadphones now being used commonly in the modern world. In the novel,

Economics - Financial Institustions and Markets Research Paper

Economics - Financial Institustions and Markets - Research Paper ExampleThis newspaper looks at the collapse of the repo market and the effect of safe harbor facilities provided to the lending institutions in the derivatives market. Arguments have been made that the use of collaterals have made more ravish than benefit to the economy and hence alternatives have been discussed to eliminate these facilities from the market. Thesis statement The aim of this paper is to investigate the causes of failure of the financial institutions in the United States. The enquiry is specifically directed towards the study of the structure of the US financial system and the role of safe harbor in the failure of major financial institutions in the country. Introduction The global financial collapse has been one of the most significant incidents in the history of the world and it has raised significant research and debates on the factors that conduct to a financial breakdown of such a measure. There i s considerable debate on the causes of this phenomenon and researchers have not been able to come to clear consensus round the actual causes of the incident. However, a stream of events has been identified, which are considered to be the possible factors that led to the downfall of the financial institutions

Why I want to go to College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why I want to go to College - Essay theoretical accountI would like to pursue a degree in the medical field. My mother has been my inspiration and I hardly know any one who is as compassionate and loving as her. My mother used to take me along with her to the hospitals during the weekends and also in my vacations and that is when I developed the interest in the filed of medicine. I touch that my education and my future should be focused in this direction and to take up a degree in the medical field from one of the to the highest degree prestigious institutions in the world, the Air Force Academy.Basically, I would like to continue the work which my mother has initiated and I am confident that if I have a graduation in medical field, I could serve the nation in a better way. I believe that my educational background and abilities would be an fine base for my future studies in the medical field. I am aware that this university is looking for students who have good leadership abiliti es and I am confident that my qualifications and interests picture the skills required.I believe in my abilities and understand that the basic principle involved in this field is to make a difference in nations security. I am confident in my leadership skills that I have acquired over the years. Besides studies and good grades in my school, I am also interested in sports.

Paper 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper 3 - Essay ExampleWho among them was right, is it the City charge or is it Uriah? Arguments raised by the two parties will help in determining the case. On his part, Uriah felt that his actions were confirm while the City felt that they were justified in their decision to dissolve the employee. In the arguments that I shall hereby raise, I will look at both sides of the arguments and why they felt they were justified in their actions. Moreover, I will also explore the possibilities in both cases. Discussions to the case As opposed to crimes which are public, torts are private wrongs committed by populate or businesses. Unintentional torts, also known as negligence are defined as the situation whereby a person has either failed to do something or has done something that a reasonable person in his or her own right mind would not do and the another person has suffered harm as a result of the foreseeable action or inaction (Cooke, 2007). The action that has either been committed or omitted is what is referred to as negligence. In the case of Uriah versus the City, Uriah acted in overdue negligence and breached his duty of care. This was against the ethics of business which requires that an employee should at all times portray a behavior or character that in no elbow room will dent the image of the company, whether on duty or off duty. Failure by any employee to observe the code of ethics could attract prankish consequences, even dismissal. According to Miller (2012), many businesses take their codes of ethics with increased levels of seriousness as they value how their customers judge them in accordance to the image of the employees. With the heights levels of competition due to globalization, no business is ready to let anything to chance in maintaining their public image and stay ahead of their competition. In essence, the dismissal of Uriah was indorse by ethics of the business. In particular, Uriah would cost the business its image as few customer s would like being served by a night union dancer. Clubs are associated with all mannerisms of immorality and bad behavior. Contrary to this, the modern business environment is concerned about image, ethics and morals. Employees such as Uriah thus find themselves on the wrong due to their actions. Miller & Jentz, (2010) observe that businesses have increasingly shunned away unethical behavior such as alcoholism, drug abuse among other socially unaccepted behavior. Some even restrict the areas in which their employees need to reside in, the type of social places that they can hang out in and the dress codes. on the whole this is supposed to show their customers that they understand what it means to be ethically responsible. As part of the corporate social responsibility, businesses are required to be on the lie line in promoting moral behaviorisms in the society. They can only survive this through keeping employees who are ethically responsible. It is due to these reasons that the City decided to fire Uriah for being a night club dancer. On his part, Uriah was justified in a number of ways to take part in the night club dance as a part time job. However, his argument would be tricky as he had to put into consideration the damages his actions would have caused the company. Although he had acted in violation of the codes of ethics, business morals require that an

Leadership cause and effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership cause and effect - Essay Example to the highest degree leaders desire to bring many positive and wholesome trends into the world. These could lead to improvement of our social status and even the business enterprises that they head. The most vital feeling that they train to take in order to achieve this is being wise and visionary leaders in all aspects of life. For their actions to be effective wherever they go, they need to invest in integrity of actions and thoughts. The leaders need to take a position of mindful awareness and should have proper knowledge on how to resolve from awareness instead of pure uniformed reaction. This helps to make their sub-ordinates to feel recognized, highly valued and affirmed (Stephen 2001).Mindfulness provides clarity and calmness in all situations change one to avoid panic and blaming others. It allows one to tolerate the discomfort of confrontation enabling discovery of ones creativity and resourcefulness to be sufficient to appro ach situations differently from how you would have earlier done.On another aspect, leadership refers to getting someone do what they do not want to do in order to achieve what they want to achieve (Tom,L. 2008).Its characterized by a leader and a follower whereby the leader entices the follower to do something that he would not otherwise do without leadership. The effect mostly requires the cause. This is because people do things that they would otherwise not do because it is their job, theyre paid for doing it or they are not terrified to do it. Other times they will do it because they want to annoy and disappoint their leaders, mentors or relatives, because others are doing it or if its their area of interest. Its not possible to equate all these to leadership since everyone who is in control of the cause can use it at will. There are many reasons as to wherefore people do things that they might otherwise not do therefore looking at leadership as the sole cause is irrational.In reality,

McGraw-Hill Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

McGraw-Hill - Research Paper Example117). They needed to figure divulge whether they needed to make a book, which was common or accommodated to different professors. One of the initial things that the company needs to carry out is a feasibility study. This would be significant since creating something without knowing its important could be highly expensive in the end. Analysis Question 1 McGraw-Hill in determining the feasibility of the Primis idea had several numbers of questions to ask itself before investing in the project. The main question, which the company needed to ask itself, is whether they had money and if not where were they going to get them. The second question was whether they had technological means of delivering, the ability to carry out research, the capacity to store materials and the method to be used in delivering the materials to the required point of sale in a timely manner. Other question was whether they had the means, chance as rise as the revenue pack to justify getting the business idea started. Moreover, before making their materials, they need to examine a fleck of work, which has been doing well in the market and compare it with those that are not doing very well. The other question was the uniqueness the new product would bring into the already private-enterprise(a) market in order to gain grounds. ... This includes determining whether the company was able to print the entire textbooks, which are currently demanded on time, even though they had no idea if custom publishing was feasible. The team also had to look at additional factors of pricing as well as quality. The company was also well-situated to own its fast printing machine, which was the only one in the flour of the house publishing at that time. The system received funding which was a detect to developing the system. In addition, the company had developed the content, had the storage capacity as well as the printer to start with. Question 3 The team should brace tried to learn the objectives that will be met by the scheme. This objective needs mainly to be quantitative goals so that when the project is put into place it is uncomplicated to relate quantitatively the accomplishment with the initial objective set. Analysts must be able to approximate what hardware, as well as human resources, will be required to apply a system to meet the objectives. Analyst should also explore other ways to put into practice the system as well as their resource requirements. A cost-benefit analysis must be obtained for every alternative and provided to the administration. The analysis will be important for a company to set which resolution they are likely to put in place. Feasibility of attaining objectives with available technology, as well as human resource together with cost, is vital parameters for advised administration decision-making process. Question 4 In my own view, I would not wipe out implemented the system with the information the company had at that time. I would have first note the weaknesses in the current scheme as well as set goals to get rid of

Effective Strategies in Jack Welch's Transformed General Electric Essay

Effective Strategies in Jack Welchs Transformed General Electric Company - Essay sampleThis paper illustrates that Jack Welch is viewed as one of the best pioneers in corporate business in the 21st century. Welch changed General Electric, which was a key organization amid the mechanistic age in American into the flourishing organization current organization that is profoundly focused universally. The way to the major(ip)ity of Welchs prosperity is his capacity to identify with individuals in a casual manner. He has ensured imparting over his association casually with his chain charge and with subordinates. Additionally, Welchs alluring initiative style and his forcefulness going to the come across and occasions his issue him the capacity to corresponded adequately with may representative over the whole association, he must convey his message rehash to strengthen them. By manually written straightforwardly to the representative this strategy has motivated a large number of the asso ciation. Welch is known to invest the majority of his time in managing issues with representatives. He personally knows more than 1000 workers at all levels in the organization and this is by a first name base. Before Jack Welch joined the company, the unwaveringly was going through bankruptcy. The world was going through the great depression and General Motors was laying off most of its workers like most of the companies at the time. The major reason why they were laying off workers was so that they could offset some of its debt. The company did not have any new car models that would result in more sales for the company. Therefore, the company needed to come up with a new strategy to ensure that the company did not close its operations. Jack Welchs method acting to success needed to first get his workers to see the master plan where General Electric was heading later on. Next, he made a in all new association culture by rebuilding the order of nine administration levels in a basi c structure that was more practical. Welch knew that a sizeable portion of his senior authority would scrutinize his approaches.

Anatomy of a Family Law Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anatomy of a Family Law Case - Research Paper ExampleThe status of each portion chances when the couple enters into the coupling agreement (Folberg, & Milne, 2000). For instance, the man becomes a husband and the woman becomes a wife. It gives the husband new responsibilities and rights as well as the woman. Legally, a marriage is greatly honored since it is perceived to be the basis of the family. Traditionalists view a marriage as the as the starting point of preserving moral status in the community. It is in the view of traditional ethics that in a marriage, the husband provides support of the family by providing the necessary requirements like food, clothing, and shelter among different essentials. On the other pass by, the wife has the obligation of serving her husband and the family at large. She has the duty to take care of the children, maintaining the house, living in the home and engaging in sexual activities with her husband. The up-to-date law has tried to modify tra ditional functions of the married people since m any women have joined the working forces in large numbers. Husbands on the other hand engage in taking care of children and taking care of their homes while their wives are at work. Any individual who may require making alterations in the marriage agreement must do it in accordance with the law. ... The laws protect all marriages whether the couple may be interested or not. Legal rights and benefits of a married couple There are several benefits and rights that one gets when they are married. The society treats the couple as a grown up and one fundament get priorities while making medical resolutions and receive assistance on behalf of the other family member. It allow ins rights that may need attorney and other related legal requirements. brotherly security, medical and disability benefits can be paid to a partner as well as military and veteran benefits. All employers usually include spouses of their employees to insurance plan s, a service that unmarried people cannot receive. The employers also provide bereavement leave for married people to attend funeral programs of their members and allow a spouse to care for the other during illness. Marriage gives a partner the right to visit a spouse in jail or in hospital and serve somebody on behalf of him or her (Ahrons, 2004). Spouses that divorce are entitled to sharing of the property of the community according to legal requirement of most of the nations. In causal agency of death of one spouse, the other spouse is entitled to organize funeral preparations without intimidation of any form. The married couple is allowed to file a joint tax fade and get the ability to organize for partnership to raise capital for business operations (Bohannan, 2005). Ending a Marriage According to the Law of California any individual who wish to file a divorce or separation must reside from a different residence from his or her partner for one full year before the process be gins. It gives the spouses an opportunity to reconsider their stands before annulment. The annulment determines that the marriage did not

Canada’s Most Defining Moments Essay Example for Free

Canadas Most Defining Moments EssayCanada is a one of the wealthiest countries in the world but Canada didnt just become monied overnight. Canada has many accomplishments and failures but the most delimitate moments in Canadian history were both the failures and accomplishments in the economy or economy related. The three most defining moments in Canadian history were the stock grocery store crash, which led to the Great Depression, the baby bankrupt on the other hand led to amplifys in jobs during the 1960s, and finally GST replaced Manufacture Sales Tax (MST) in 1990. The morning of October 24th 1929 is known as Black Thursday be wee-wee on this day the stock market crashed in America but it affected most of the world including Canada. The cause of this crash in Canada was because of citizens buying on margin which is borrowing coin from banks and simply putting down 10-20% of the loan. The crash caused the 1930s to be a period of great depression for citizens. This brou ght the country into a state of panic and many hatful committed suicide because of the stock market crash. In only 2 days the market had dropped an average of 20%. The stock market crash was a spark that led Canada and many other countries into a Great Depression. Other factors that contributed to Canadas Great Depression were the habituation on the United States, over-production and over-expansion, and dependence on the primary industry, these were all long term causes. Many companies in Canada were in debt because of over-production and over-expansion.This caused many of those companies to crumble and if these companies were still up and running they could have brought Canada money from international trade. Companies werent the only businesses effected, farming, logging, mining, and pretty much the entire primary industry was falling and Canada wasnt producing any money and practically all exports were to a halt. The Great Depression was stopped by the start of the second world war because of people desperately looking for jobs, so they joined the army. Canada became a much feared country, thus Canada helped win differences like D-Day and the Italian Campaign. Along with the success Canada has had in world war two, the baby boom generation occurred between 1945 to 1964, which increased the population.The cause of the baby boom was essentially the great depression because numerous Canadians enrolled in the military. Canadians want to make a quick buck and not expecting to fight for years. Canadians went to battle for six years without women and when soldiers returned from the war they had an urge for intercourse with their girlfriends or wives and thats what started the baby boom. The next generation would need to produce much consumer items and build more houses due to the sheer number of baby boomers, more power and water would also be required to run those homes. Therefore with these new demands we need to unclouded more jobs to satisfy those demands .The baby boomer generation is heretofore effecting us now, 66 years later. They are going to soon influence skill trades in Canada because the baby boomers in those jobs are near retirement. There is going to be a shortage of people to fill those jobs especially because of parents wanting their children to go to university, wherefore not getting a job in the skill trades. Many jobs like rushgivers for example will require more people because of the sudden increase in elderly citizens. We are also going to need to pay for the baby boomers healthcare and security income and that will come from our taxes. Canada could be in trouble for the future because we dont have the people to fill those jobs and we dont have the money to pay for their health care and security insurance.The Canadian government cant pay for the health care and security insurance without enforcing some type of tax, and that is exactly what they did. Prime look Brian Mulroney and financial minister Michael Wilson introduced the idea of a Goods and Services Tax (GST) to replace Manufacture Service Tax (MST) and Federal Telecommunication Tax. This new tax is think to be implemented to all provinces except Alberta because they already had their own sales tax at a retail level. GST saved Canada from debt of the first world war, even though GST wasnt introduced until 1990, MST was the little brother of GST.The government decided that MST was the best way to pay for the debt and essentially it was, but most Canadians and manufacturers strongly disliked this tax. GST was promoted as revenue-neutral in relation to the MST, the shifting of the tax away from exported manufactured goods would make life more costly for Canadians. Thus Canadians were against GST and manufactures were worried that the tax would hurt their sales internationally. The GST is affecting us every day, because if you are Canadian and you pay for a product or service you are hit with a 13% tap and that is HST (PST and GST com bined).The most critical moments in Canadian history were all economic related. Once the stock market crashed in 1929, it caused panic, mayhem, and an economic crisis of great magnitude. The baby boom was a complete opposite it gave Canadians more jobs and soon we are going to have too many jobs and not enough people to fill those jobs in the 1960s. GST is still Affects our everyday lives because everyone pays taxes when buying a consumer product and it has been that way since 1990. Canada could be in trouble economically in the near future. Since the baby boom is restrained I would predict that Canadians will have to paying more taxes due to the extra costs of healthcare and as throughout history, Canadians have had a burn mark hatred towards taxes and especially increases in those taxes. This could possibly cause an uproar in the future.

Indonesia Essay Example for Free

Indonesia EssayIn the past, people in the Indonesia used to eat healthy and freshly prepared food with their families in their home. However, many another(prenominal) people, particularly young people, prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers, fried chicken, and pizza because it is really tasty. There are several causes and make of consuming fast food, and this change has occurred such as change in lifestyle, influence in advertising, impress on health, loss of the family tradition of eating together, and impact on the economy. First, there are several causes for the popularity of fast food. A first modestness is the change in lifestyle.Many people in the Indonesia are works long hours, shifts, or extended school days. They do not have time to find ingredients or prepare uncorrupted food. A second reason is advertising. The Indonesia is a modern with all forms of media such as the Internet and satellite television, and people like to try new products and different kinds o f fast food. However, this change send away have some overserious effects. One effect is on health. Many people in the Indonesiaare becoming obese. These people will be slight productive and have conditions such as heart disease and diabetes.Another result of fast food culture is the loss of the family tradition of eating together. Children and adults rarely eat together now, and thus get less opportunity to talk. A further effect is on the economy. Although fast food is not very expensive, it is more than expensive than cooking properly for yourselves. Many of the fast-food companies are franchisees of foreign corporations, so profits leave the country. In conclusion, fast food, although it is convenient and delicious, it can have serious health and social effects. People should learn to choose fast food carefully and remember the pleasure of eating good food in good company.

Subjective assessment Essay Example for Free

Subjective assessment EssayThe overall assessment of the food market may not reflect its true form. But looking at it more closely, it would seem that the subjective part of the analysis agrees with the objective part for a number of reasons. Firstly, the market demand for Denmark is considerably large, couple this with the lower tax than any of the countries it would really seem to be of the best choice. Spain, on the other hand, poses the highest task, with a considerably large market loaded with substitutes that may hinder the proliferation of the products of the distillery in question. Northern Ireland would logically be a good choice, if we dont take in mind that, the market would have to be loaded with competitors on each others throats. It would be market suicide to strive to penet consecrate a market full of veteran companies that may swallow the companys products in one of their marketing campaigns. Decision Alternatives The first preference with the marketing of th ese products is to offer the public a bargain of selling devil bottles at the aforesaid(prenominal) time with a slightly lower price of the two bottles.Accompanied by massive publicity that includes radio commercials and even television commercials, The method would work two-ways point-of-sale, information that the consumers would get in the retail shops would be the same as the ones that would be heard in the radio and television. Secondly, information dissemination. With the massive publicity, the company gets to introduce their new products that would somehow make an impact on the viewers or listeners choice. Taking adavantage of your strengths would be the second alternative to be considered.Previous experience dictates that the market has treated the company nicely when it came to mail order purchases. If you would be able to make the necessary adjustments in your mail order service in the host country, then you would be able to gain a luck of the market. Advertising is imp ortant and should therefore be taken into consideration. The mail orders can be accompanied by leaflets that tell of the companys other products and invitations to go to the distillery and see the Visitors Shop. The Visitors Shop was the provider of the profits before, it might the provider again. Discount offerings would be the third alternative. This allows us to offer the products in slightly lower introductory prices so that the public may taste your product for lower prices. This proves to be a good and lamentable mood at the same time. The competitors may lower their price, forcing you to lower your price even more, at profits expense. Or you could get a significant make out of the market if the public gets satisfied with the offer, and especially satisfied with the products offered. The final alternative would be advertise heavily and rely solely on the marketing set up of your strategies.This would be a big gamble on the companys part as they would spend and incur be at an increasing rate. The rate of spending, however, may not be accompanied with positive results as the distillery would then depend on the reactions of the public on their advertisement. A positive sum would be a partial gain in your market share and hopefully improve your market position. A negative effect, however, would entail additional costs without pay-offs. Although advertising is never a bad investment, for a small company like that of The Olde Distillerie cannot afford to lose largely on its first attempt to go far the market.Final Decision The alternative that should be considered is that of the second alternative. This alternative not only gives profit for the organization but this could be the initial move that a new company may have. This initial move can be the first of the series of ideas that may spawn from the initial move. Improvements on the idea, additional perks, or just plain advertising would be the next moves that would be coupled with the strengths of the company. Furthermore, the strengths of the company are the same strengths that may help them survive in a new market.A different market that may hurt or help them. Contingency Plan If ever that the final decision alternative would not be effective, The Olde Distillerie may take the first alternative, the bargain of two bottles. This gives a sense of cheapness to the drink but would also be seen as an opportunity for the public to try something new. A small discount on this account may be explored further so that they may find new ideas to their marketing strategies.BIBLIOGRAPHIES Amerique, Remy (2006), The Macallan(R) Single Highland Malt Breaks New Global Advertising Creative Campaign, http//www.marketwire. com/mw/release_printer_friendly? release_id=58696category=, accessed November 7. anonymous (2006), The History of Scotch Whisky In More Detail, http//www. scotch-whisky. org. uk/, accessed November 17.Anonymous (2006), Ireland (Information on the Irish State) Land and People , http//www. irlgov. ie/aboutireland/eng/landandpeople. asp, accessed November 7. Anonymous (2006), Press Release SUCCESSFUL WHISKY INDUSTRY VITAL TO SCOTTISH ECONOMY SAYS HENRY MCLEISH, http//www. scotland. gov. uk/news/1999/11/se1461. asp, accessed November 17.Anonymous (2006), The Scotch Experience Scotch Whisky Statistics, http//www. scotchdoc. com/tsd/education/stats. html, accessed November 7. Anonymous (2006), Whiskys reputation under threat, http//www. scotchwhisky. net/news/threat. php, accessed November 7. Anonymous (2006), whiskey, http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9076785/whiskey, accessed November 17. Anonymous (2006), Whiskey Rebellion, http//www. britannica. com/ebi/article-9340307, accessed November 17. Anonymous (2006), Denmark, http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-33928/Denmark, accessed November 17.