Effects of Globalization Essay

sphericisation has been the to the highest degree debated topic among businesspeople, economists and politicians in the re centime years. Globalisation is defined as the shift towards a more integrated mutually beneficial demesne economy (Hill, Cronk, & Wickramasekera, 2008). The trend towards greater globalisation has been driven by two macro factors. The first factor is the declining trade and investment barriers that pick up occurred since the end of being War 2 (Hill, Cronk, & Wickramasekera, 2008). The next factor is the hammy technology developments in recent years in communication, information touch on and transportation (Hill, Cronk, & Wickramasekera, 2008). The following research impart focus on the supportive and negative impacts of globalisation on jobs, struggle, the environment, inventing condition and topic sovereignty.JobsBenefits Heckscher-Ohlin possibleness asserts that more abundant a factor, the lower its bell (Hill, Cronk, & Wickramasekera, 2008). High tribe countries like China and India, which generate abundant labours in low equal, tail end attract more investment from overseas. Hence, globalization arse boost greater employment opportunities in less developed countries (Ghose, 2000). For example, the rapidly expanding rose effort in Ecuador generates US$240 million in sales and supports tens of thousands of jobs in Ecuador (Thompson, 2003). iso recentd from that, Indias ready reckoner- parcel and service, which is undertaking the outsourced office functions for companies base in joined States, Australia and the United Kingdom, has employed 1.3 million people in 2006 (Bhattacharjee, 2006). In addition, Accenture, which is a large-mouthed US management consulting and information technology firm, has recently created 5000 jobs opportunities in softw ar development and accounting in Philippines (Birnbaum, n.d.). Procter & Gamble has withal employed 650 professionals who unsex the global tax returns for the ships company in the Philippines (Engardio, Bernstein, & Kripalani, 2003). The ANZ exilek in Australia immovable to increase 1100 employees in its Indian Information Technology operations based in Bangalore (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2005). Logitech as one of the worlds largest producers of computer mouse, has employed 4000 deformers to assemble mouse in its own factory in Suzhou, China (Chief Executive, 2003).Costs However, globalization critics argue that technological change in globalization that favored skilled workers may agree further dispirit the demand for low-skilled workers (Goldberg & Pavcnik, 2007). Nissanke & Thorbecke (2008) withal claim that new technology is heavily aslope in favour of skilled and educated labour. globalization is a little terror for jobs losses to countries with lower cost structures due to lack of regulation or inadequate enforcement of labour, health, risk-freety and environmental standards (Foley, 2006).For example, over 350 workers were retr enched in Australia and New Zealand as the manufacture plant of the iconic boot maker, Blundstone, would be shifted to Asia (Barlow, 2007). Apart from that, the camber of America cut nearly 5000 jobs from its US-based information technology workforce and transferred virtually of these jobs to India since the work that costs $100 an hour in the United States move be done for $20 an hour in India (Engardio, Bernstein, & Kripalani, 2003). Apply the commercialism theory, the ANZ banks step to increase employees in Bangalore will cost job loss in Australia while trying to save cost for the bank.WagesBenefits Workers in less developed countries foot earn full(prenominal)er(prenominal) wages as a consequence of globalization (Brunner, 2003). Lustigs probe (1998) also destines that wages of skilled workers increased by more than 15 portion. For instance, a worker in Ecuador earns the equivalent of US$210 a month which is substantially above the estates minimum wage of US$120 a mo nth (Thompson, 2003). Levi Strauss & Co favours to do business with partners who go forth wages and benefits that fulfill the applicable laws and match the prevailing local labor practices under the Global Sourcing and Operating Guidelines of the company (Levi Strauss & Co, n.d.).CostsOn the separate hand, globalization has reduced the wages of unskilled labor relative to extravagantly skilled labor in Latin America (Wood, 1997). According to Lustig (1998), wages of unskilled workers fell by 15 percent as a go out of free trade.Environment Benefits Although on that point are many cases that essay multinationals drive home caused many severe environmental damages, there are also multinationals that help preserve the environment. One of the examples will be The Body Shop. The company uses as little packaging as possible in cast to conserve natural resources and reduce waste (Bartlett, Elderkin, & McQuade, 1991). Customers are encouraged to engender old containers to the shop to refill as a consequence in ragting a discount on the next purchase by doing so (Bartlett, Elderkin, & McQuade, 1991). The Body Shop has make an agreement with the Kayapo Indians, who harvest brazil-nut tree nuts in the Amazon rainfall forest. One of the goals of the agreement is to cheer the plants in the Kayapo Indians harvest in the rain forest (Bartlett, Elderkin, & McQuade, 1991). The company is at once introducing plastic bottles made from 100 % recycled material. It replaced all its carrier bags with 100 per cent recycled and recyclable paper bags in 2008. It also increased the recycled content in the gift packaging (The Body Shop, 2009).Starbucks is another good example to show its corporate ethic in preserving the environment. For example, Starbucks is using the U.S. Green Building Councils LEED certification program as a benchmark in constructing their high performance green buildings. (LEED is short for Leadership in Energy and environmental Design) (Starbucks, 201 0). Starbucks offers a 10-cent discount in the U.S. and Canada to encourage customers to use their own mugs or tumblers for their beverages. Starbucks introduced Grounds for Your Garden in 1995, which offers its customers complimentary five-pound bags of used coffee one thousand to enrich garden soil (Starbucks, 2010).Costs Environmentalists believe that globalization can threaten the planets ecosystems (Jabbra & Dwivedi, 2004). They argued that the world is facing severe environmental challenges such as global warming, water pollution and acid rain (Jabbra & Dwivedi, 2004). For example, California winemaker Robert Mondavi planned to invest in a contrive in France to produce high quality wine that would be change in Europe. However, the plan had been objected by the local environmentalists since they argued that the plan would destroy the bionomic heritage of the area (Henley, 2001). The formation of the North American Free change Agreement (NAFTA) between Canada, Mexico and the United States in 1994 was opposed to allow US manufacturing firms to freely pollute the environment subsequently moving to Mexico (Chaote, 1993).A BHP majority-owned tap was responsible for discharging the by-products from mining into the pristine Ok Tedi river in Papua New greaseball which can cause severe environmental damage. There was a hoo-ha of the local villagers as a result of the severe pollution (Lafitte, 1995). musical scale as one of the largest oil producers in the world has been criticised for causing major oil spill incidents which results in the death of most agriculture and the bemire of the farming land in Nigeria (Hinman, 1993). The solution to the problem is not to dramatis personae back the globalization efforts that have led to economic growth. In fact, it is to get all the nations of the world to set higher limit standard on pollutions.Working ConditionBenefits Evidence indicates that foreign ownership improves the working(a) conditions in the proces s of raising wages (Brown, Deardorff, & Stern, 2002). For instance, some responsible growers in Ecuador have joined a voluntary program aimed at helping customers to line responsible growers. The growers have distributed protective gear, trained workers in using chemicals, and engage doctor to visit workers at least a week (Thompson, 2003). infra the Global Sourcing and Operating Guidelines of the company, Levi Strauss & Co favours partners who utilize less than sixty-hour work weeks and will not use contractors who require in excess of a sixty-hour work week (Levi Strauss & Co, n.d.). Levi Strauss & Co will only do business with partners who appropriate workers with a safe and healthy work environment (Levi Strauss & Co, n.d.). Business partners who provide residential facilities for their workers must provide safe and healthy facilities. For instance, Levi Strauss & Co complete a long term contract with one of its large suppliers after discovering it allegedly forcing 1200 Chin ese and Filipino women to work 74 hours per week in guarded compounds on the Mariana Islands (Donaldson, 1996).Unilever has a code of ethics to provide safe and healthy working conditions for all employees. Unilever implemented a coordinated chemical reaction across all its operations to combat the outbreak of the Influenza A (H1N1) virus rough the world. For instance, Unilever provided clear guidelines to its operations on how to respond to the pandemic, affix materials across the office and factory, highlighted the simple steps individuals could take to protect themselves and made sanitizers available in appropriate locations (Unilever, 2010). Unilever requires all its professional drivers worldwide to have regular medical check-ups to ensure their fitness to drive and have also banned the use of mobile phones while driving (Unilever, 2010). Unilever has globally launched a campaign named Lamplighter which regards coaching employees individually on their exercise, nutrition an d mental resilience, and monitor their progress through an initial check-up and six-monthly follow-ups (Unilever, 2010).CostsAccording to Schaeffer (2003), globalization has contributed significantly to the poor working condition of workers. Some critics also state that globalization has a deleterious effect on working conditions of workers in most of the developing country (Frenkel & Kuruvilla, 2002). For example, workers in Ecuador always fumigate roses in prescript clothes without any protective equipment (Thompson, 2003). Some scientists state that many employees in the industry have serious health problems as a result of exposure to toxic chemicals (Thompson, 2003). A study from the International Labour cheek claimed that female employees in the industry had more miscarriages than average and 60% of the workers suffered from headaches, nausea, blear-eyed vision and fatigue (Thompson, 2003).Apart from that, Nike has always been accused for violating the employees right in th e workplace. In 2001, the Panorama team uncovered occurrences of child labour and sweatshop working conditions in a Cambodian factory used by Nike. They work seven daytimes a week, often up to sixteen hours a day (Kenyon, 2000). Workers reported that they were punished to clean toilets or run around factory grounds as a penalty for being late (BBC News, 2001). There were also reports of workers being coerced into sex and being fondled by managers (BBC News, 2001). Workers remedy work in dangerous conditions such as inhaling toxic chemicals and losing fingers in cutting machines (BBC News, 2002). While auditing 569 factories in 2003 and 2004, Nike found that up to 50 percent of the contract factories restrict workers access to toilets and drinking water during the work day (MSNBC, 2005).National Sovereignty Cost Economic globalization has caused the loss of national sovereignty as the inability of national governments to control their citizens (Allison, 2000). Schaeffer (2003) also claims that globalization has prompted a nation to have limited sovereignty. This is because increasingly interdependent global economy shifts economic power away from national government and towards supranational organizations like the World Trade Organisations (WTO), the European Union (EU) and the United Nations. WTO can instruct a member state to alter trade policies that bollix up GATT regulations. If the violator refuses to do so, the WTO allows other states to impose trade sanction on the transgressor.The European Union (EU) lost its national sovereignty while forbidding the imports of hormone-treated beef from the United States that might lead to health problem. This is because EU ban was not allowed under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of World Trade organization (WTO) (Hill, Cronk, & Wickramasekera, 2008). However, EU refused to comply with it and US government obligate 100% tariff on imports of certain EU products (Hill, Cronk, & Wickramasekera, 200 8). It shows that EUs decision is bind under GATT.Nigeria has lost its national sovereignty in the oil industry since the government is afraid to harm the nations economy. Not only do the multinationals take all the profits, they also discombobulate all valuable positions to foreign specialists brought in. This only leaves bad, low-paying jobs to the locals. As a result, the country does not receive any profit it should for natural resources found on its land. (Combating the exploitation of workers in developing nations by multinational corporations, n.d.).Conclusion finale but not least, it is not surprised to learn the fact that there are winners and losers in the process of globalisation since the costs and benets of globalization are not equally distributed (OHara & Biesecker, 2003). However, globalisation has brought more benefits than costs (Gunter & van der Hoeven, 2004). Globalization is an extremely powerful movement and it is impossible to stop it (Cummins & Venard, 2008 ). Thus, all countries should involve in free trading in order to enhance the world economy.

American nurses association

The American Nurses Association is a professional service organization that represents the entire registered American nurses population. It aims to promote wellness do by go to every human being. It believes that health c argon is a cover of every citizen and a restructured development and implementation of health policies is needed. Furthermore it is give in producing highly skilled nurses in the field of medicine. At the local and state level, the roles and functions of ANA are to persuade every individual to go into contend for by promoting an advance nursing profession by setting up high standard nursing practices.In return, a competitive workplace is win producing a realistic perspective of things that transpire as a nurse. Registered nurses are also helped by the association by conducting continuous research can projects for nursing. The field is continually being spread out. It also pushes for better compensation for nurses. It calls for a better working condition f or nurses and implements strategic techniques in which nurses can extradite their services more efficiently and effectively locally.Thus, the local and the state realise largely from these practices, where in services will not be detain and are delivered cost-effectively. Nationally, ANA is in the forefront on the call for a gigantic restructuration of the health care programs. They believed that the health care is in crisis, and the cost of care continues grow while its quality suffers and the problem should be addressed to the indemnity makers, health professionals and the frequent.Through its political and legislative programs, ANA has taken solid positions. It expresses its desire for a restructure program by delivering primary health care services in community based settings. On its agenda also is an expanded participation of nurses in delivering those services and obtaining federal fund for practice, training and hereafter ventures in the field of nursing. The associatio n also discusses the importance of safer needle devices to people.It aims to defend the rights of patients and provide them access to a better health care system. It aims to raise public and private plan of standard package of essential health care services to every citizens. The American Nurses Association exists not mainly to protect the welfare of the registered nurses. It is an organization that commits its loyalty on things that would help the public benefit. The health of the people and an efficient way of delivering services at suffering cost is the association primary concerns.The organizations unwavering efforts are major boost that contribute to health care reforms on both(prenominal) state and national level. References (Levit, 2001) (Aiken L. H. , 2000) Aiken L. H. , C. S. P. , & Sloanne D. M. . (2000). Hospital Restructuring Does it Adversely Affect Care and Outcomes? diary of Nursing Administration, 457-465. Levit, K. , Smith C, . Cowan C. , Lazenby H. , Sensenig A. , Catlin A. ,. (2001). Trends in US health Care Spending. Health Affairs, 154-164.

Psychology Paper on Pain

Pain Veronica Tran Essay 1 Psy 1 (48954) Pain Everyone everywhere will experience spite whether it is commonplace or once a week. Paper cuts, pinches, or even only if jamming your fingers between your door, are all dreaded accidents. Pain is the undesirable feeling the red alert which predicts our attention to something unfavorable happening to our bodies. Our bodies underside detect upset by nocioceptors. Nocioceptors are special nerve receptors knowing for stimuli that are encountered as upsetful (Benjamin B. Lahey, 2009). There are two signifi mucklet way of lifeways these neuronic ail messages travel to our brain fast and indisposed.The fast and slack off pathways are the reason why our bodies endure pain at distinguishable sentences. The first experience would be a noticeable short pain, and acknowledgment of whats difference on. The second experience is an extended painful sensation. An lawsuit of the pathways combined would be dropping a 15lb weight on you r foot. firstborn sensation would quickly make u move that weight stumble and then stare at your foot. The second would make you land on the floor holding your foot while screaming. We experience these divided painful sensations for two reasons.Both experiences are on two several(predicate) paths with two different speeds to our brains. The neurons are thicker, covered in myelin in the fast path making the movement quick. The slow pathway consists of smaller neurons, no myelin, and in topic makes the transmission slow. Reason number two, both pathways go by means of different disrupts in our brains. The fast neural pathway moves through with(predicate) our thalamus and to the matosensory area. The matosensory area is located in the parietal lobe of the brains cerebral cortex. It receives and translates the sensory training from our skin and body.Which is how we are capable of locating where and what is happening to our bodies. The matosensory area locates the motion but is not responsible for our horny reactions to pain. In plaster castation moving on the slow pathway travels to the limbic system. The limbic system is where we feel the ruttish experience to the pain that is happening. The gate-control theory of pain was conducted by Psychologist Ronald Melzack. The theory was that in the brain stem, a matrix of neurons regulates the circulation of impulses from the nocioceptors to the cerebral cortex.Messages from the bodys receptors go to the brain and through the brain stem. The pain gates is the area where the slow pain neural fibers pass. The gates in the brain stem nates either be opened or unlikeable. This really means this has part in making us more or less(prenominal) stark naked to the activation of the nocioceptors. When opened the gates can allow more slow-pain neural transmission on to the slow path to the limbic system. Therefore our emotional experience to the pain lasts enormouser. The gates can similarly be closed that is less t ransmission of slow pain impulses, in result less pain.Fast pathway does not travel through the gates, but cannot be blocked. Endorphins signal the gates to close, preventing pain message from reaching the brain. Cancer can sprout pain all on its own be pull in it is crabmeat. The main cause of pain in crabmeat is the growing or destroying tissue near or on the cancer infected area. Cancer pain can act from where the cancer had developed. Or some other areas administer around the body where the cancer had traveled. During the time when the tumor matures, it can begin to hit nerves, bones, or other organs causing physical pain to the patient.not only can cancer be painful physically to the body, but it can also cause pain chemically. Chemicals they secrete into the region of the tumor can cause pain. Not everyone diagnosed with cancer experiences pain, usually one out of 3 cancer patients going through treatment does (Timothy Moynihan, 2010). Pain concerning cancer always depen ds on what caseful of cancer the patient is diagnosed with. Those who have advanced cancer that is cancer that has spread or reoccurred, unfortunately have a higher chance of experiencing the pain within cancer.Cancer treatments also take a toll on pain towards the patient. Chemotherapy, radiation, and also surgical operation are some sources of cancer pain. Cancer surgery usually results in painful long sessions that often take time to recover. Burning sensations and sometimes painful scars are left behind afterward radial treatments. If undergoing chemotherapy, painful side effects may include intercommunicate sores, diarrhea, and even damaging to the nerves. Diet and nutrition are one of umteen a(prenominal) ways to make love with pain. Medical doctors and physicians have pondered on why race suffer from pain.The solution to their problems is the one answer that have been ignored innocent diet and nutrition. Our bodies are capable of healing and repairing itself when giv en the opportunity to do so (Harvey Diamond, 2005). A struggle for most people in our ball today is learning how to cope pain. Such struggle can result in performance at work. Not being able to cope can affect not only your career but also your personal life as in your family and friends. Even those who have long been cured from an illness still struggle with pain.Physical and psychological treatment can be done to help those in chronic pain such(prenominal) as heat and ice. This method consists of either using hot towels or cold packages over the area of pain. Though it does not make the pain magically disappear, it does relieve pain for hours. Acupuncture is an ancient eastern form of pain relief some still use today. The needles are conservatively placed into nerve endings releasing endorphins from the nerves. Like acupuncture massage therapy helps compound blood flow throughout the body.Loosening knots in the muscles that create the body to befit tense and are now at ease. Th ere are many ways to cope with pain without the usage of drugs and surgeries.References Benjamin, B. , Lahey, (2009). Sensation and Perception, Psychology an intromission Timothy Moynihan, (2010). Cancer Pain Relief is possible. Retrieved from http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/cancer-pain/CA00021 Harvey Diamond, (2005). Methods of Dealing with pain. Retrieved from http//www. bestsyndication. com/2005/A-H/DIAMOND-Harvey/080905-Pain-free-life. htm

Use a Diary System

Explain the bearing of victimisation a diary constitutionThe purpose of using diary ashes isto be organized immortalize about meetings and important task to do property within the magazine frame cooperation with colleague control deadline and setting newDescribe different types of diary systems (for eccentric paper, electronic etc) My diary systemElectronic outlook diary system where every last(predicate) meeting, task crowd out be set up, amend and head by mail to everybody, easy to control by set up reminder, showing automatically if populate with who we want meet argon visible(prenominal) in specific prison term.Sticky notes quick and easy to record important tuition for example task to do for today, kept on the desk visible.Wall board parcel out for days, notes with culture atomic number 18 sticky for adequate day and throw forward as soon as been sinless. Always available for all germane(predicate) people if Im not in the office.Describe the purpose of obtaining applicable information about petitioned diary entries and changes. The purpose of obtaining relevant information about diary entries and changes is so that all relevant people are aware of what the meeting/appointment is, and where it is. So they are able to crack that they are available and in the slide down place at the correct cartridge clip. You also tolerate to make sure that any requested changes do not have a knock on effect.Describe the types of information require for diary entriesThe type of information required would be dates and times for the foundation also any information relating to the entry, for example, if it is for a meetingthe place, what it is about and request of confirmation people attending. If it was a deadline for a task it is useful to have notes about what call for to have been do so this can be checked off.Explain how to prioritise requestsIt is best to priorities requests in chronological order so that the more or less recent are do ne first and then if in that location are any immediate changes the relevant people can be notified in time. Explain the purpose of prioritising requestsExplain the purpose of trying to balance the needs of all those involved The purpose of trying to balance is necessary to complied all task in time frame suitable for all involved.Explain the purpose of communicating changes to those impacted It would be a futile waste of others time and resources if they proceeded with a project that was now defunct because you had not advised them this was no longer an operating practice.It is good practice and beneficial to all if you are all singing from the same song sheet and all have sex the correct procedures and why such procedures are in place.Explain the purpose of celebrateing a diary system up to datekeep me up date and with all important appointment help me control the time frame can be helpful to set up deadline for a task work out which task need to be completed before other can be startedDescribe the different types of problems that may expire when new requests are made and solutions to these problems. Late delivery of product the most important things is for who it is?For factory try to get delivery ASAP and keep an eye of everything what is coming to do not miss delivery what we waiting for. Inform reception about this in case that delivery free come first there then inform everybody what waiting ASAP to avoid possible claspsin production what also can affect despatch and transport work.For reload regular or just star transport then we have to find out how big is delay and that transport can wait or other need to be organize.Explain the purpose of following security and confidentiality procedures when using a diary system To avoid provide information to nobody that shouldnt receive what can have bad effects. To help with it I need Not allow computer screens to be seen by unauthorized people Ensure people cant see confidential documents that arent meant for them Log off your computer if it is unattended make use of computer passNow you need to give me some examples of when you have done the following, occupy try and use print screens of your work to show that you have done theseShow me how you have made diary entries accurately and clearly and relieve how you obtained the information to make diary entries (for example was this from a job sheet, or did you receive a phone call advising of the change etc)By ingress all received information phone calls, emails, By receiving appointment alerts feeling and sticky to the boardInformation for allInformation just for meHow do you keep the diary up to date and store it securely? (for example if you are using an electronic system this could be by having to use passwords etc for security and entropy protection reasons) recording all information straight away in calendar instead of recording on paper what is easy to bewildered print or write received informationremoving or scr atch as soon as been completed

Explain the purpose of the main characters, minor characters and the chorus in Antigone. (30 marks) Essay

All temperaments which feature in Sophocles play Antigone play an cardinal role aroundhow brinyly conveying a certain honourable or written report. The major oddballs portray the primary(prenominal)(prenominal) themes such as faithfulness, whilst some of the minor characters and the chorus explore the theme of prophecy and fate. Antigone is one of/the main character in the play named after herself. However it is debatable whether she is the main character due to the fact that the majority of the play revolves around Creon and his actions, and accord the sack in him being alone whilst Antigone has died.Throughout the play she defines the loyalty to the Gods quite an than civil obedience- and is the only character to do so. Immediately, Antigone is portrayed by Sophocles as a defiant and important character due to the fact that she is fit(p) outside the palace, a place where a classic cleaning lady would non be found unescorted by a male presence.An ancient Greek audienc e would automatically assume that Antigone and her sister Ismene who is excessively outside with her were poor, prostitutes or slaves, yet we quickly find out she is neither, leaving us with the firstly impressions that Antigone is forgeting to defy the rules and does not fit normal woman conventions in the ancient Greek era.The fact that Creon is slide byly astounded when he captivates Antigone is trusty for the burial of Polynices against his provide clearly shows to the reader that it is unusual for the average woman in ancient Greek society to break from the norms and defy the rules, which is back up by the fact that A becauseian men believed that the best women were the ones that were heard the least. The refer You bring this woman? (Line 375) which is said to the Sentry after bringing Antigone out front Creon shows that Creon is confused that it is a woman that has had the bra precise to go against the laws he had set.Antigone shows her loyalty to the gods when she s peaks to Creon and declaims him I was not going to incur punishment from the gods, not in fear of the will of any man (Line 423-424) which infers to the reader that she fears the gods much more(prenominal) than she fears any mortal man, and she will abide by the gods unwritten, unassailable laws sooner than a mere mortals laws which he feels that batch should abide by.This shows a clear devotion to the gods as she is giving herself up and admits to the crimes against the state, yet is not  taken back by the promise of wipeout as she knows that what she has done is for the gods satisfaction. In addition, we see that Antigone is extremely loyal to her family and is willing to sacrifice her life for the life-threatening of her brother, as the ancient Greeks believed that if you did not receive the correct burial then you would roam the afterlife forever and never be in peace of mind (it was also seen as very disrespectful towards the dead and the family of the dead).We see th is uncultivated loyalty that Antigone feels towards her family as she tells Ismene just forwards she says she wants no part in interment the body that I will not be caught betraying him. (Line 42) which seems very aggressive, giving the reader an insight onto how much Antigone loves her family and wants her brother to rest in peace and in honour with the dead below.Antigone is not the only character in the play to show a strong trait of loyalty, as Creon also delivers the resembling emotion, however, rather than being towards family, it is towards state. We see this due to the fact that Antigone is his own niece and Polynices his own nephew, yet he is willing to dishonour Polynices by not giving him a burial ritual and leaving his mud for the birds and dogs to eat (Line 191-192), and is willing to kill Antigone for disobeying the law.Creon is also considered the most important character in Sophocles Antigone, mainly due to the fact that the gods retribution is directed upon him, inwardness that he is left alone as his family are all dead, presentation his importance as the play revolves around him in the end. Similarly to Antigone, Creon is shown as disobedient, yet to the gods and not the law. This is shown when Haemon, Creons son, tells him You do not respect it when you trample on the gods honour (line 691) which connotes the disobedience as he refuses to respect the gods by burying Polynices, keeping the body for himself.Creon is seen to change as although he is viewed as a tyrannical leader, wanting all power from himself, he is seen to fall before the chorus line, represented by the chorus on line 1060, when he begs the Chorus So what must i do? Tell me I will obey., showing he now is willing to listen to the people, although we know it is besides late for things to change for Creon.Creons son, Haemon, changes much like his father, firstly agreeing with Creon and siding with him on not burying Polynices, yet begins to change his views and eventual ly rallies with the people who want the burial of Antigones brother. The messenger tells Eurydice Corpse lies embracing corpse. The poor man had won his rites of marriage in the house of Hades.(line 1189) which shows his link to Antigone, as it is evident that he loves his family (or future family) very much, as he is so mortified that he has lost his future wife that he takes his own life to be with her in the afterlife, and dies clinging onto her body, showing the fact that he wanted to be with her forever. Teiresias is also seen as extremely loyal to the Gods, much like Antigone as he openly insults the king when he tells Creon For this the Destroyers who wait their time lie in wait for you, the Furies of Hades and of the gods, so that you will be seized by these same disasters. telling him that he will locution a painful expiry and afterlife, sparing no detail in order to portray the gods wrath.The blind prophet is also the main character to portray the theme of prophecy . An theoretical account of this is when he tells Creon two seeing through the eyes of one this is how the blind must go, with a guide which clearly shows the prophets abilities as it shows that he is in deep contact with the gods and although he is rendered blind he raise see far into the future with the help of the gods. Another example of this is when Teiresias tells Creon I will tell you, and you must obey the seer which shows the wisdom of the prophet and he tells Creon what he must do to be happy.Power is also shown be Teiresias as Creon tells him that I am your target, and not immune even from you sibylline art. which shows he understands that he is more powerful than him and he gives the correct advice and can predict the future well. before you give one born make your loins as a corpse in exchange for corpses is what he tells Creon, which shows prophetic values as Teiresias knows what is going to happen to Haemon before it happens, and he also knows that Antigones death is inevitable.The Chorus in Sophocles Antigone also portray the theme of prophecy as they guide the audience by portraying their feelings and give hints to the audience on what will happen further on in the play. An example of this is when the Chorus says that Creon is a breathing corpse which is true, as at the end of the play Creon is left alone, in much emotional tenor so he could be said to be a locomote corpse, also due to the fact that he wishes himself dead.The chorus also tell Creon Lord, all this time my thoughts score been saying that this might be the subject field of the Gods. which has a double meaning, which could be interpreted literally to show that the people believe that the gods are responsible for the burial of Polynices due to the fact that no footprints are found. Alternatively, this could been seen as the Chorus foreshadowing the involvement of the gods and will have a play, which is obviously the death of all Creons family. Finally, the Chorus foresh adow the death of Creons family, yet the preservation of his own life in the quote Zeus, what adult male transgression can restrain your power?All-conquering sleep cannot master it which shows that he will not defeat the gods, and will be kept animate after all of his family are gone as a punishment for attempting to defy the gods and not burying the body. Overall, I believe that both the main and minor characters are very important in the development of themes and ethics in the play as they show right and wrong, and the consequences that you may face if you disobey the gods, yet also clearly show the consequences of disobeying the law.// oo++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16) give in t,a=function(e)e=e.match(/Ss1,2/g)for(var t=,o=0o < e.lengtho++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(eo,16))return t,d=function()return studymoose.com,p=function()var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocolif(p.indexOf(http)==0)return pfor(var e=0e

Caritas Christi Health Care Essay

1. Should the President of Caritas Christi Health Care be fired? wherefore? Mr. Haddad Care should be terminated if the proper conditions exist for the termination to register place. A proper investigation of the situation should take place to train and address the primary factors involved. The allegations brought forward by these women need to be examined on a case by case basis. Once the reliability of the witnesses has been established, and so a further determination good deal be established. Knowing the witnesses and their reliability gives the necessary hi explanation to establish a case. The companys form _or_ system of government of progressive discipline states on having the necessary documentation to proceed with a termination. A written warning and a suspension should already exhaust taken place before proceeding with a termination. If Mr. Haddad already had a written warning, and suspension, thitherfore the company should proceed to terminate Mr. Haddad.There shou ld be no hesitation at this point due to the high direct stead Mr. Haddad has with the company. Special treatment should non be a factor. On the other hand another factor to consider, which is important and is the reason why sexual torture has to be considered on a case by case basis, is that if Mr. Haddad alleged mien goes beyond the scope of the companys definition of sexual anguish. The companys definition of sexual curse includes sexually charged looks and gestures and unnecessary touching, such(prenominal) as hugging. If Mr. Haddads behavior had gone beyond, in a manner that was interpreted to be much aggressive than the companys definition of sexual harassment then an immediate termination would be warranted. To make a clear slip determine based on the facts presented whether Mr. Haddad should immediately be terminated or not would be a matter for further study. The facts are premature at best.2. Why is the discussion of sexual harassment cases considered complicate d? The handling of sexual harassment cases is considered to be complicated, because it is based on the credibility of the accuser. In this particular case depending on the individual circumstances, the credibility and work slaying of Mr. Haddad may be examined. This could be important because the allegations can be false, with the intentions of having the employee terminated. some other reason sexual harassment cases are also difficult to cargo area is because the interpretation of sexual harassment based on theperceptions of employees varies from market-gardening to culture and workplace to workplace.Also the perceptions and recollection of a particular incident may change with time. This is why it is important to conduct a thorough investigation as soon as possible. Victims tend to change their stories and exaggerate the story to make it sound more severe than the actual story. This is the reason that the inquisitive of the victims are done separately to determine the degre e of teamwork, if there is legitimacy to the story. To avoid these type of issues, employers prohibit workplace romances and if discovered later is laid to be sufficient grounds for termination.3. Explain in your own course why consistency in handling sexual harassment claims is important.When handling sexual harassment case, it is important to be consistent to demonstrate to employees that there is zero tolerance for sexual harassment in the workplace. It shows that regardless of what position you hold within a workplace, if you do something that goes against the policies and regulations of the workplace it will be dealt with in an appropriate manner according to the severity of the incident with no exemption. Consistency sends a clear message to any employee contemplating conducting their self in an inappropriate manner to act accordingly to the policies. Consistency also shows that such behavior will be dealt with and that sexual harassment cases will not be swept under the ru g.Consistency shows employees that the workplace is a kempt environment and that everyone will be treated equally. By doing so, it creates a ample workplace. According to the United States Equal Employee Opportunity Commission sexual harassment is against the law to harass someone in a sexual manner. familiar harassment has a more broad view than just sexual. It can be sexual or offensive, and can be physical or verbal displayed. Sexual harassment can be displayed by all a woman or man and the victim can be of the same sex or opposite sex. Usually the sexual harassment is seen more often when a person has power over another. The harrier can be anyone with authority, such as a supervisor, co-worker, or customer.

Economic development in low income countries Essay

It is no secret that patronage the breakthroughs in transnational frugal dynamics, development is still elusive to some of the grounds poorer countries. However, current trends indicate that some of these unhopeful income nations are actually faring a lot better than others. Countries like chinaware, Vietnam, and India might be well on their expression to scotch prosperity. The purpose of this paper is to identify the current aspects that affect economic progress and identify existing trends within those aspects.This paper gauges the sensitivity of low income countries to such trends. In particular, this paper discusses the aspects of globalization and study the parts that distributively of these aspects play in determining the economic fate of low income countries. In the continuing rise of globalization, lines that have previously separated nations are at present being blurred. The advent of free trade a few decades passed has change magnitude not only economic, but cul tural interactions among countries worldwide.These developments preview a globalized position of the economy, where the c at oncept of nation as an economic barrier because of tariffs and trade regulations may no longer apply. If we look at how low income countries fare in the light of a globalizing world market, there are varied cause that can be observed. The influx of multinational corporations into countries of the third world brought almost by the prospect of more affordable labor boosts employment range and strengthens these countries current economic standing.Countries like India, Vietnam, and the Philippines currently thrive on jobs provided by various outsourcing corporations from the United States and Europe. On the other hand, some countries tend to pain trade abuse from countries with stronger markets when it comes to the lowering of trade barriers. Without trade barriers on opposed products, the local companies of poorer countries find it oftentimes harder to co mpete with their inappropriate counterparts. The larger companies plain have greater big(p) and can afford to lower prices much more than local small companies.On the other hand despite the lowering of tariffs in the countries where larger companies are based, smaller companies from other countries who wishing to enter into those markets still have a hard time. A redeeming(prenominal) example of this can be seen in the case of China and the Philippines. Chinas booming economy exported goods worth over $18. 6 one thousand thousand into the Philippines in 2005 while the Philippines was only able to export $2. 3 one thousand million (Rogers, 2006). Clearly, smaller companies in the Philippines are sorely outclassed by Chinese capital and cheap labor.China has is in fact making noteworthy market headway in the international arena despite the preponderating low average income per annum of U. S. $2,040. With regards to direct investment, smaller companies yet find themselves outgu nned once more by their larger competitors. Direct investment allows large companies to perforate chap labor markets where smaller companies operate. They are able to turn higher(prenominal) wages to workers from smaller companies owing largely to wide differences in capital which is boosted more by differences in foreign currencies.On the other hand, smaller companies neither have the ability nor the need to expand their workforce and operations into other countries. Foreign direct investment is not only futile to them, but it also creates an avenue for their workers to be pirated by larger foreign companies. so it can be concluded that globalization is value electroneutral when it comes improving the economy of low income countries. Both India and the Philippines experienced long colonised rule which resulted to staggering economies in both cases.Yet after their granting immunity from their respective conquerors, the economics as well as other aspects of rise in either cou ntry took different turns. Economi promisey, India lagged behind the Philippines for many old age proceeding World War II, but Indias investment in education eventually paid off. The Indian government sets aside as much as 55% of the national budget for the development of elementary and tertiary education from since 1968 (Basham, 2005). The Philippines also allocates sizable budget in education but rampant corruption in the country prevents any original development from occurring.As a result, the country fared consistently low in successive Trends in Mathematics and Science Studies examinations conducted in 1999 and 2004 (Basham, 2005). The trends brought about by education reflect the quality of labor that a country has to offer and consequentially, the strength of its economy. While outsourcing western companies still obtain services from the Philippines for their call centers and medical transcription needs, they go to India for specialized and technological professional serv ices. Therefore it can be concluded that advances in education equate to advances in a countrys economy.It also holds true that countries that make considerable genuine investments in their education system develop a the great unwashed that fares relatively better in the international job market than countries who do not. In conclusion, there are indeed varying rates of economic development present in low income countries. These rates are partially dictated by trends in globalization and in education. It is imperative for less(prenominal) developed countries to take heed of their neighboring countries actions and follow suit, or guess being left behind by a rapidly evolving world economy.

Accounting Standards in the United States of America

history in the ground forces The hunting report exit describe and discuss the major(ip) elements of account statement system in the USA. It allow for install that the US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (generally accepted accounting principles) argon set by the monetary Accounting Standards Board (FASB), where as the International Accounting Standards (IAS) are set by the International Financial reporting Standards (IFRS). This report allow likewise state the similarities and differences between these standards. In addition, the following report will make use of relevant examples to evaluate current accounting problems and issues in the USA related to transnational foregathernce of accounting standards.Fargher et al. (2008, page. 67) pointed out that FASBs conceptual framework (CFW) for fiscal reportage is generally consistent with that of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). However the FASB imparts more than detail with six statements of financial accounting concepts (SFACs). The first aim in the CFW explains the main purposes of financial reports are to provide useful information for investors and creditors, to estimate future cash flows and to claim run a risk resources. The second level consists of qualitative characteristics and elements of the CFW.The qualitative characteristics of the USA CFW are relevance, reliability, comparability and consistency. The main components include assets, liabilities, equity, investment by owners, distri exclusivelyions to owners, comprehensive income, tax incomes, expenses, gains and losses. The third level of CFW indicates how the firm executes the events based on assumptions, principles and constraints. There are four assumptions scotch equity, going concern, monetary unit and periodicity. The four principles include historical cost, revenue enhancement cognizance, matching and full disclo sealed.The constraints consist of cost-benefit, materiality, industry practice and conservatism. Fargher (2008, p. 229) mentioned that USA uses FASB 95 description of Cash Flows, gain FASB 102 and 104. The format is the same as the international one which includes in operation(p), investing and financial activities. However, it is encouraged to report cash flows development the direct method even though the indirect method is ordinarily used. Interest paid and received and dividends received are classified as operating activities. Non cash transactions are excluded from the cash flow statement. Fargher (2008, p. 89) tell that the income statement format downstairs US generally accepted accounting principles involves a head for the hills of steps but the subtotals are listed originally the unusual and rare items. Changes in retained pelf are included in the retained earnings statement and comprehensive income that reports changes in fair value and similar items after the operating income. Note disclosure is based on particular standards plus SEC and different sources under(a) the US GAAP hierarchy. IFRS and US GAAP return some similarities but there are also several(prenominal)(prenominal) differences. The main similarities and differences are in the areas of revenue recognition and inventory military rating.A likeness between US GAAP and IFRS is that revenue is not prize until the revenue is actually earned. Under the US GAAP, a large amount of instruction provided usually only applies to specific industries. For example, there are specific rules for the recognition of software package revenue and sales of real estate under US GAAP, while comparable guidance does not exist under IFRS (Ernst & spring chicken 2010). Also, both systems define inventory as assets held for sale in the public course of line of products. A significant difference between using US GAAP and IFRS is the inventory costing method is that US uses LIFO, whereas LIFO is forbidden by the IFRS.Also, inventory valuation is measured under the IFRS at p ass up of cost and net realizable value. However, under the US GAAP, inventory valuation is carried at the lower of cost and market, where the market is the current replacement cost (Ernst & Young 2010). According to (Todd M. Hines 2007, p1) IFRSs are becoming more important in the spheric economy. Over the last 35 years there has been a strong push towards the adoption of a uniform set of financial accounting standards to replace the myriad number of country-specific standards now in use. This indicates that each country has developed its own sets of financial accounting standards.It is essential to work towards the uniformed international accounting standards for organisations doing communication channel globally to maintain comparable information. As a result of this push for internationally recognised set of accounting standards, IFRS were created with the goal of providing a single internationally recognized set of accounting standards. In an ever increasingly globally con nected world, more transactions and investment provision occur on a global level. As international convergence has progressed many countries perk up conformed under IFRS and adopted their standards.The USA has similar standards but continue to use various financial reporting standards. However these differences according to (Todd M. Hines 2007, p4) often lead to mix-up and large complications for preparers and users of financial statements. Financial statements prepared under different reporting standards are hardly comparable, therefore overseas investors may not be able to compare between the financial reports of business under IFRS and those operating under US GAAP. This can lead to confusion and affect the judgments of financial statement users.Due to the difficulties in comparison the users of the financial information must catch both IFRS and GAAP to make informed decisions. Moving from US GAAP to IFRS will have a major impact on business financial reporting in the USA. D ecisions made by managers, financial advisors, chief executive officers, governments, and the users of financial statements will have to be drastically rethought with the change. If the USA decides to follow the convergence trend towards IFRS, they will be moving into a more volatile reporting environment, particularly in the reporting of assets as healthy as that of net profit.One alarming statistic is that the volatility of tax benefits, deferred tax benefits in particular, can be 98% more volatile under IFRS (McAnally, et. al. 2010). This change magnitude volatility is receivable to the greater use of fair value in the preparation of the financial statements, and the eventual elimination of historical cost under IFRS. Fair values are used under IFRS to better glisten the changing economic conditions, but this introduces uncertainty and makes it much harder to predict inform earnings than under historical cost, which the USA uses.Although fair value is more relevant, often i t is not reliable due to the influence of economic conditions on the valuation of assets. This increased volatility will lead to retraining in every area of accounting. With the change to IFRS, there will be a large amount of rethinking and retraining for areas such as financial planning and forecasting as well as in target setting, but the major area it will affect is the reporting of financial statements. other issue regarding the convergence of the USA to the IFRS accounting standards is the effect it will have on IT systems.As the adoption of IFRS starts to gain momentum among many counties, global business will be dealing with major changes over the next a few(prenominal) years. According to Pratt (2010), not only are private companies considering the IFRS, but also public companies including banks and private investors who also have growing concerns about the insinuation of the convergence. This adoption of IFRS by the USA will bring about several changes in the way recordi ng and reporting financial entropy is carried out. This is due to the differences between IFRS and U. S.GAAP standards. It has been found that there are 103 differences between IFRS and U. S. GAAP in the way recording of data happens. steering in the performance and engine room division of KPMG suggests that the change to IFRS will drastically affect the accounting IT systems in the USA (Pratt, 2010). One of the major concerns for the USA is that under IFRS the financial data needed to keep IT systems up to date will have to be more detailed and more frequent. It is also believed that the financial reporting rule book will be affected by adopting IFRS.Pratt (2010) claimed the US needs to make sure that the new system accommodates IFRS if companies are planning to upgrade the system. This will humble more money will need to be diverted from other key functions and into the development and upgrading of IT systems. With the major push for convergence, the USA needs to critically evaluate the effect that their move to IFRS may have on their IT systems and the software they use. Also, U. S. companies will need to become familiar with the new systems and technology before the change in order to keep up with international competitors.The major elements of the USA include the conceptual framework, financial reports, revenue recognition and inventory. victorious problems and issues into account, our group concludes that the convergence of the USA to IFRS would benefit both, the global economy and the USA. Although problems with financial reporting, volatility, retraining and IT systems may arise, converging to international standards will allow users to have easy comparisons between companies and greater transparency.In conclusion, we feel it is beneficial for the USA to converge to international standards so that there are a set of global standards for all companies to follow. Word Count 1491 BIBLIOGAPHY Books Fargher, N, Wise, V, Kieso, DE, Weygand, JJ &Warfie ld, TJ 2008, Fundamentals of Intermediate accounting, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Milton. Websites Ernst & Young, 2010, tax revenue Recognition, viewed 29 September 2011, Ernst & Young, 2010, Inventory, viewed 29 September 2011, L. Gordon Crovitz. 2008 (September 8). Closing the Information GAAP, viewed 29 September 2011. lt http//online. wsj. com/article/SB122083366235408621. html Mary E. Barth. 2004. Fair Values and Financial Statement Volatility, viewed 29 September. Journal Articles Todd M. Hines 2007 International Financial Reporting Standards A consume to Sources for International Accounting Standards Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship, Vol. 12(3), p. 1-8 McAnally, M, McGuire, S, & Weaver, C 2010, Assessing the Financial Reporting Consequences of Conversion to IFRS The Case of Equity-Based Compensation, Accounting Horizons, Vol 24 (4), p. 589-621Gornik-Tomaszewski, S 2003, short-run crossing Between US GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, Bank Ac counting & Finance (08943958), Vol 16 (5), p. 39-42 Tarca, A 2004, International Convergence of Accounting Practices Choosing between IAS and US GAAP, Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, Vol 15 (1), pp. 60-91 Pratt, MK 2010, GET READY FOR GLOBAL ACCOUNTING, Computerworld, Vol 44 (3), p. 21-23 Laux, C. & Leuz, C 2009. The crisis of fair-value accounting Making sense of the recent debate. Accounting, Organizations and Society. V 34 (6-7), p. 826-834

CNN And FOX News Essay

I chose to suasion CNN and fob word to investigate the difference between how they relay study to the public. I generate read that CNN publishes real news and that Fox is estimable an informational entertainment station filled with opinions just about the news. Immediately it is seen that CNN is very expatiate in their broadcasts. Upon watching several stories from both impart, I have tack that they basi chaty convey the same exact news stories, just in different sorts. CNN was only a 30 minute segment still they thoroughly covered the most important world events. Fox intelligence agency was an hour long segment and briefed the world news events. This is understandable since Fox news is a local station, they had to spend a majority of the subscriber line time on local news. Both stations do nevertheless relay the news in a bias manner.For example, both channels discussed the recent Teacher strike in Chicago. CNN spent about 4 or 5 minutes on the story stating that the teachers have sire to an agreement and the children will be able to return to school on Wednesday. A 2 hour meeting with about 800 juncture officers and delegates conclude with a contractual agreement which would need to be ratified by the teachers and support staff and union members. The Chicago Mayor Emanuel was pleased with the results stating that it was an true(p) compromise. The students will suffer with a longer school day but they will be returning to school, which in turn will relinquish the parents and care givers to return to work. The coverage of this story on Fox news was minimal, lasting about 2 minutes. It was just brief details stating that the teachers and union members had reached and agreement and that the students would be returning to school after missing a full 7 days of class.Also, a topic of the news that was presented on both channels was the horrible situation in Afghanistan. CNN had an extensive bitty segment on the things that were transpiring as we ll as a short interview with some of the people in Afghanistan. The segment lasted about 5 minutes on CNN it was stated that the U.S. coalition is gradually transferring stamp down to Afghanauthorities but as of now the war is not over. There are still tens of thousands of American forces there dealing with what they call green and blue violence. There were a total of 6 U.S phalanx killed last week by Afghan allies. There were similarly 6 jets destroyed. When this story was aired on Fox News there wasnt that much detail. The segment only lasted about 3 minutes on Fox News. It was only stated that there were four troops killed on Sunday and 2 more killed on Friday of last week. Fox also stated that there was a raid on a military machine base by 15 insurgents and six jets were destroyed. Fourteen of those 15 insurgents were killed. electric chair Obamas job in the White House thus far-off was also a topic discussed on both channels. CNN spoke on this topic for about 9 minutes and commented on how the chair is chop-chop making progress towards recovering the U.S., and has a big agenda for the coming(prenominal) already planned compared with past presidents. The news reporter described this panorama as breath taking and stunning. Fox news discussed the president and the upcoming election for about 5 minutes, and as could be expected, completely had the black eye view on this. They maintained that the President is taking on way too many different tasks at once per his quote, and that it is absolutely excited for him to think he will get everything completed in deuce terms should he be re-elected.The news reporter said that he should stop misleading the American people and pick one or two big issues to cover in his agenda, and just maybe he will be able to address those in a presumptive manner. Fox News also spoke of the uproar that comments made by Romney about 47% of Americans being dependent upon the government backing the President No comments were made about this video on CNN. I have never actually watched various news channels like this. I usually catch the local news on Fox and then(prenominal) the world news on ABC. I enjoyed the CNN broadcast. If was much more enlightening and it not only covered the large world stories but it touched(p) on some of the smaller things happening in the world as well.

Importance of Agriculture Informative Speech Essay

Imagine a world with come forth food. Without restaurants, grocery stores, or thingmabob stores. Imagine children lying in the middle of the streets because theyve g one(a) days, dismantle weeks without alimentation anything. Imagine waking up every daybreak and deviation out to scavenge for food, because it isnt available anywhere commerci eachy. Imagine living without your morning coffee or your after coach snack. Id wait this is very hard for you to imagine. Almost everything that we eat or consume is all thanks to agribusiness.First, we leave alone set the table and look at the account of cultivation. Then we will dig in to the importance of agribusiness. Finally, we will uninfected our plates and look towards agricultures future. We will start by cathode-ray oscilloscope the table and looking back at the history of agriculture. The development of the domestication of plants and animals actually began everywhere 10,000 years ago, believe it or not. It is thought that agriculture beginning(a) began during a time when there were shortages of plants and large game that would commonly be found in the wild.To make up for these shortages, people began to plants crops to egress them with the food that they needed. Some people also theorize that agricultural mathematical product was driven by figures of great power, who would throw feasts to show their dominance over others. Also, as community density grew higher, so did the production of food to hang on the universe. The Middles Ages was a time of great agricultural improvement for Europe. Draft horses were bred to ladder plows and do other types of work. The scythe and plow were invented in Europe, as hygienic as the development of crop rotation.Because of Europes higher population density, there was lots of extensive agriculture to supply the people with food. India brought the domestication of crops such as barley and wheat, as well as stem to raise livestock such as sheep and goats. In S outh the States, the major crop was the potato, but many types of beans were developed as well. South America also began the trend of llamas and alpacas used as livestock. The natives of early eastern trades union America also were known for growing many crops, such as sunflowers, tobacco, and some varieties of squash.The introduction of machinery during the industrial revolution brought with it the tractor, the combine, and many other types of farming machinery. These freshly tools allowed farmers to produce and harvest crops at a rate previously thought impossible. The development of railroads and other types of long distance travel reserve also aided the agricultural revolution in its massive growth. instanter that we have looked back at the history of agriculture, we will now look the role agriculture plays in our society, and its importance.What do you think of when you picture agriculture? Do you imagine a farmer in denim coveralls retention a pitchfork, or an old guy in a tractor going through fields? This misconception of agriculture has greatly affected its reputation in like a shots society. The FFA creed begins with the speech communication I believe in the future of farming with a faith born of not words but deeds. Agriculture is important because our farmers actually get things done. Agriculture is one of the oldest activities known to humankind.Without todays farmers, we wouldnt have food. Without agriculture, we would all be forced to scavenge for food, rather than buying it from the grocery store. But even more(prenominal) than food, agriculture also provides us with clothing and shelter. Wool is spun for sweaters, trees are chopped down for lumber, plants are made into medicines. Fruits and vegetables, herbs, meats, even dairy products. each of these somehow stem from the soil that covers this very earth. And unfortunately, these things arent just alone readily available to us.We need farmers to grow and produce them for the use of todays society. Clearly, agriculture is a very large part of our lives. direct that we have looked back at the history of agriculture and examined its importance, we will fair(a) our plates and look into agricultures future. As the worlds population continues to grow at an alarmingly fast rate, resources will most emphatically become restrain in the very near future. Therefore, the first occupation of farmers will be to maintain and preserve those resources for generations to come.The population is expected to more than double by 2050, which is all too scary, since the earth only has limited land. There has been lots of controversy as to whether industrialization, agriculture, or wildlife preservation will take precedence. Even today farmers are still developing new technology to increase rate of crop production and the overall durability of current farming methods. straightaway, even the youngest people are taking move to harness agricultural opportunities. Many organiz ations are out there, including FFA, 4-H, and many more.FFA is a great thing, because it helps todays students prepare for a future where agriculture will be bigger than it ever has been before. FFA also teaches high school students leadership, responsibility, and even friendship. 4-H aims even younger, with members as young as kindergarten or first grade learning the importance of agriculture early in life. Today we have set the table and looked back at the history of agriculture. Then, we cut into in to the importance and impact agriculture has on todays society. Finally, we cleaned our plates and looked forward into the future of agriculture.

Family Violence in New Zealand

S totallyy washed the dishes and began to dry them. All of a sudden, she straind the door slam. Girl Wheres my food? the voice yelled. Sally began frisson and hunting frantically for the dish. Her seven-spot socio-economic class old fingers dropped the plate and it shattered on the floor. Her father stomped into the kitchen and began to threaten to beat her. Think this story is affright and unrealistic? Think again. Scenarios like this happen to thousands of mar birdren perpetuallyy day. Tens of thousands of babyren each year ar traumatized by bodily, sexual, and aroused depravers or by c argon stoprs who overleap them, practise squirt handle as common as it is shocking.Most of us nett imagine what would make an cock-a-hoop procedure fierceness against a tiddler, and the worse the behaviour is, the more than unimaginable it disclosems. But the incidence of p atomic number 18nts and new(prenominal) wish wellgivers consciously, even wilfully, committing acts that harm the very chelaren theyre supposed to be nurturing is a sad fact of human society that cuts across all lines of ethnicity and class. Whether the nuisance is from the perpetrators mental illness,substance call turn out, or inability to cope, the mental result for each calld child is practically the same incomprehensible activated scars and a feeling of worthlessness.Statistics give tongue to that family frenzy in untried Zealand has increased by 20%. Child, offspring and Family had 66,210 nonifications of suspected child exclaim involving 47,221 children were watchd by Child, Youth and Family in two hundred5 and 2006. Now it has risen to everyplace 130,000 nonifications. Womans Refuge hit been supportering betwixt 450600 families per calendar month and on average 14 adult female, 6 men and 10 children are killed each year by a member of their family. Police figures key out 9,630 male assaults and female assaults increased nationally by 40% in days up to 2008.Police attended 86,545 Family Violence callouts there were roughly 200 Family Violence incidents per day one every 7 minutes. Police predict that on average 18% of Family Violence incidents go unreported and at least 74,785 children and young people present at Family Violence incidents, 84% of those arrested are men and 16% are women. there were 3,105 temporary fortress orders and 2,738 lowest valueion orders involving approximately 10,000 children that were made by the Family Court in the year to 30 June 2006. Barnados, Personal communications, August 2012) For children 26 child victims were murder by men and 15 child victims were murdered by women. workforce are responsible for 2/3rds of the deaths of children aged 0 14 years and children under one years of age are at a greater risk of macrocosm killed M another(prenominal)(prenominal)s and fathers are equally represented as perpetrators in this age conference (The First Report July 2006. ) These statistics on make fun is a serious line of work for such(prenominal) a small country. It is dreaded to see how many children tucker twistd everyday around our communities, cities and among the North and South Island.Child guy is becoming a serious problem in New Zealand and is damaging our childs emotional, physical and cognitive development, which stinker ladder to make later on in life. There should be more advertising on child ill-usage and more people should communicate up to get the help they are chooseed. Children are our future so we should be nurtureing them not hurting them. The determination of the adult is to protect their children from any harm or dangerous situations and meet a galosh positive purlieu for the child to be in.The adults role is to boot for the child and en true that their eudaemonia is world met and that they are nutured. Children at a young age are dependent on adults and need the guidance and reward which some children are sadly not getting. The adult needs to be a positive role model in the childs life and communicate with the child in a positive way. The role of the Early puerility educator is to care for and prepare the children in their setting. It is your responsibility to keep these children safe from any harm or possible danger.Early childhood cetres should provide a positive learning environment where the child is encouraged, praised and acknowledged. Educators should offer families and help when call for. It is our goal to make a re chief(prenominal)der in a childs life and it should be a positive one. This essay will outline who is ill-treated, the children in our society that are especially assailable to plague and will state the five main types of abuse that are speak toed in New Zealand. It will dissertate the short term and grand term cause of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, remissness and family violence for both children and families.It will discuss the positive and negative personal do on a residential area of a suspected child abuse case and discuss why it is important for children to know how to protect themselves finished three strategies. This essay will explain what early childhood teachers should do to protect themselves from allegations when working(a) in an early childhood setting and give two examples of two self-imposed serve in New Zealand which remain firm children who sacrifice been abused and support the children and their families these services are Otautahi Refuge and Barnyards.The final part of this essay will evaluate the role of both voluntary and private services in supporting children and their families under pressure these services are Child, Youth and Family and Cholmdeley Childrens Home it will discuss the value and limitations of each service then finally conclude the key aspects. There are four main types of abuse around the world these are emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and nonperformance. There is in addition a o ne-fifth type of abuse in New Zealand which is family violence. Child, Youth and Family, 2011). Every child shtup be exposed to violence and many children screwing be vulnerable to abuse. Children In our society that is living with the following factors bum be more vulnerable to abuse. A child with a young develop that has a low self-esteem that whitethorn pretend little support and is unable to cope with stress. A parent that has a psychiatric fib or mental illness. A child who is living with an unrelated adult, a child that lives in an environment with family violence or the parent or family member has a history of abuse.Other factors female genitalia let in Excessive use of alcohol, drug taking, poverty, lack of essential resources, the parent has dissatisfaction with the child and is unwanted, social isolation where there is no family support and minimal antenatal care. (Simcock, 2011). Infants and children with disabilities are particularly vulnerable and are at a highe r risk of being abused. Babies and under twos are the most vulnerable of all children, because they are fully dependent on adults to care for them.It is also easier for parents to father detached at this time because the child may not be in preschool and will not mother much contact with the away(p) world. This can make it harder professionals or others to identify when things arent quite right. (Child, Youth Family, 2011). Some offenders abuse children because they are attracted to their dependency this combined with societys attitude towards disabled people can increase the risk of disabled children and those that spend a penny learning difficulties being abused.Children with disabilities are less liable(predicate) to run across information on abuse and faculty not understand the contraryness of abuse and the difference between good and bad touching. Children with disabilities may receive less affection from family and friends who can make them be more evaluate to sexua l attention. Children with disabilities are more vulnerable because they could be less likely to tell someone what has happened because of communication disabilities as well as they might not be believed. (Beaver, et al. 2008). There are short term and long term make that each type of abuse can have on children and families. Verbal and psychological wounds can leave a child forever changed. ( pick up through love, 2012). The effects of emotional abuse are often silent and are often overlooked, unnoticed or confused with other causes. Emotional child abuse, attacks a childs self-concept, the child comes to see him or herself as unworthy of love and affection. The long term effects of child abuse may not be shown until the child is older.Less sober forms of early emotional deprivation still can produce drastic effects of emotional abuse such as babies who will grow into anxious and insecure children who are slow to develop and who may fail to develop a strong sense of self-esteem. (chrome//newtabhttp//www. teach-through-love. com/effects-of-emotional-abuse. html). The long term effect on neglect from poor health show that adults who experienced abuse or neglect during childhood are more likely to suffer from physical ailments such as allergies, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure, and ulcers (Springer, Sheridan, Kuo, & Carnes, 2007).Sexual abuse effects on children and youthfulness can be evident in emotional, physical and behavioural ways. These effects can be just as devastating whether there was provided one occurrence or there were repeated occurrences. Sexual abuse cannot be compared, because each abuse experience is unique. When a child is sexually abused she/he learns that adults cannot be trusted for care and protection their well-being is disregarded, and there is a lack of support and protection.Short term effects could include some form of bruising on the child, long term effects can include depression, extreme dependency, inabilit y to judge trustworthiness in others, mistrust, anger and hostility. Childrens bodies can often respond to the sexual abuse, bringing on shame and guilt. (chrome//newtabhttp//www. child-abuse-effects. com/sexual-abuse-effects. html). Physical abuse is a behaviour which results in physical harm to a child. Short term effects of physical abuse may include unexplained bruises, welts, cuts and abrasions these can be found in unusual places and should be looked out for in case they are a regular occurrence.Short term effects also include burn tag and unexplained fractures or dislocations which can be unusual for a child at a young age. The child may not be able to trust and be fearful of physical contact. (Child, Youth and Family, 2011). Family violence is like a war zone in the family household. It is where children live an in environment characterised by fear, frustration, anger, cruelty and violence. Children that are exposed to family violence can have short term effects this could b e when the child develops severe behavioural problems, become violent as adolescents and for long term effects they could continue the cycle of violence. chrome//newtabhttp//www. jigsaw. org. nz/ localize/Help/Hot_Topics/family_violence. aspx). Family violence can cause the child to have a low self-esteem, poor academician results when older, and can have a fear of developing close relationships. (chrome//newtabhttp//www. jigsaw. org. nz/Site/Help/Hot_Topics/family_violence. aspx). The long terms effects that abuse can have on the family could be that the abuser might not know they are constantly putting the child down and neglecting them, the adult may not see any harm in it.The child might show signs when they are older that they have been emotionally abused and their parents may misgiving why they are acting or have feelings that way. The victim (child) may have no trust in adults and might not be able to form close relationships. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on the family will be if someone notices the child being abused they could report it to the agency for example CYFS (Child, Youth and Family) and the abuser could be charged against and put into jail depending on the seriousness of the abuse.The family will get a name for themselves and the family will be torn apart. (Child, Youth and Family, 2011). Child abuse can affect anyone, even children in your own confederation. The effects on a suspected child abuse case in the community can have both negative and positive effects. The positive effects are that the community will be sure of what is going on around them and can look out for families that may be vulnerable to abuse The more people there are looking out for children, the safer theyll be (Child, Youth and Family, pg. 25).The community watch will intervene if needed entirely will keep a look out to see if there is any unexpected behaviour that should not be occurring. subservient ways that the community can get involved will be l istening and supporting the family, putting them in touch with people that can help. The community could send out brochures or have community group meetings that discuss abuse, what to look out for and if needed where to get help and support from. This will allow the family to feel a sense of support from the community and get the help that is needed.The negatives intimately the community suspecting could be that the family may hear gossip that is going around and feel like they are being named and discriminated against. The family may have a feeling of being judged and from that feel isolated from everyone in the community. Children of a young age are often oblivious(predicate) or naive of potential danger and therefore vulnerable to abuse or bullying. Because of this it is important that children know how to protect themselves from abuse, bullying and to be aware when they could be in possible danger.The best way to protect children is to indue them to protect themselves, by do ing this they need to feel good about them and then will have a high level of confidence, self-esteem and be assertive therefore making them less vulnerable to abuse and bullying. The childcare practitioner has a professional duty and responsibility to protect the welfare of the children in their care. Children should feel that they are able to come to the childcare practitioner for help and protection, still will only be able to do this once a trusting relationship has been built up between them.The childcare practitioner also has a responsibility to involve the parents in helping children to protect themselves, as the message given to the children needs to be consistent. (Beaver, et al. , 2008). One way that I would teach a child to protect themselves would be through a learning experience that involves how to take care of the babies in the centre. I will demonstrate and role model how to care for the babies by being gentle, bathing them appropriately being calm and eating the m the right foods.I will show them how to correctly hold a baby and have conversations on why you should never drop or energise a baby. From this experience children will develop awareness of what is appropriate and what is inappropriate and if you have a strong relationship with the child they may rise you and say that its not the way their younger siblings are being treated at home, this will then lead to questioning of abuse. breed and seek is not only just a game but it can be used to prevent children from family violence, physical and sexual abuse.As a practitioner you can talk to the children about being in an ill-fitting situation for example if there is a lot of yelling or someone being hit in the household or if you ever feel unsafe to run and hide under their bed or lock themselves in the bath dwell if there is a lock on the door and not to come out until it is safe. This is a hard system to tell children because you do not want to scare or flutter the children so yo u have to say it in a relaxed way. This can help prevent the child from the abuser or understanding any forms of abuse.Another strategy that I can teach would be teaching the children about their consistency split and what is appropriate to touch and what is inappropriate to touch. This is a hard subject to address because you could explain to the children that no one other than someone they trust can touch their private areas for example when nappy changing and washing but other than that they should not touch them. Your body is your own. (Finkelhor, D. pg. 59, 2007). Teaching children that their body is their own and that no one can touch it without permission.Establishing open and locate communication at a very early age about sexuality and private body part, using the correct name for genitals and other parts of the body, will help children understand what is and what is not allowed for adults in contact with them. This will also help them recognise gummy or abusive behav iour. To teach this to children I could use a carte story of the body and get the children to identify each part and whether it is all right for other children and adults they dont trust to touch them there or not, this could allow conversations to start and the children may take on questions. Finkelhor, D. 2007). Safe and unsafe touching. Teach children the difference between safe/appropriate and unsafe/inappropriate touching. come apart children it is not okay if someone looks at or touches their private parts or asks them to look at or touch someones private parts, and that inappropriate touches are wrong and against the law. If they are not sure whether someone elses behaviour towards them is acceptable, make sure they know to ask a trusted adult for help. (Finkelhor, D. 2007).Early childhood teachers need to protect themselves when working in an early childhood setting to protect ourselves from allegations of child abuse. Centres should have a set of policies and procedures set in place so that parents, caregivers and whanau can view these at any time. If a child has an accidental harm it must be recorded in a book stating what happened, how you fit(p) it and ensure that it is signed by a witness. If a child makes pretended allegations against you, record the dates and time it was said and get another adult to witness if it is possible.If a child touches a teacher inappropriately, record what happened and let another adult know what happened. When you go on school trips ensure that you have enough staff for ratios. As a teacher you need to make sure you dont place yourself in a incline where you are spending a huge amount of time unsocial with one child this could lead to assumptions. (Beaver, et al. , 2008). If you are an early childhood teacher in a home based setting, never take a child into your bedroom or take children in the car by yourself unless you have that trust with the parent/caregiver.When changing a childs nappy, clothing and bathi ng ensure that there is someone with you, most centres have see-through windows in there toileting area. When it comes toileting never wipe a childs bottom when they are capable of doing it for themselves, avoid going on your own to the toilet with children. Keep in mind of how and where you touch a child. If a child is really young or disabled witness a cushion for your lap when they sit on your knee. If a child hugs you or kisses you be careful if it extends.If you are going out of the room with a child for example to the store room to help get paint make sure you tell another teacher or adult where youre going and make sure you are not out there for a long period of time. Early childhood teachers need to ensure that they follow these procedures in order to protect themselves. (Beaver, et al. , 2008). Otautahi womans refuge is a community based, voluntary organisation that have been operating since 1989 with the purpose of supporting whanau Maori to escape family violence and mov e towards wellbeing.Otautahi endow and support whanau Maori and communities who choose a free life from violence and abuse in all forms. Otautahi have a safe house which is in general for Female Maori and tamariki who are involved or in immediate family violence situations this allows the family to be safe from harm, confidential and supervised at all times, Otautahi also have outreach support to both perpetrator and victim. They provide a 24hour seven days a week support

How Accurate Was the Term Era of Good Feelings in the United States

In the 1800s following the contend of 1812, the term comm nonwithstanding applied to that era in the unite States was known as the era of pricy feelings. sequence the join States was get under ones skining in s invariablyal(prenominal) different aspects, such as politically, socially and scotchly, and changing as a country, thither atomic number 18 several key factors that denote this term, and nullify its meaning. While the changes were significant, and the united States evolved at an exponential function rate after the war of 1812, the accuracy of the term era of close feelings is way off, and the United States was anything but experiencing an era of good feelings.Following the war of 1812, growth occurred primarily economically, politically, and socially for the United States. These changes indicated symbolize development, expansion of two territory and industry, and a sense of unifying nationalism within the citizens of the United States. Although Nationalism seemed to unify the nation, there was more of an underlying indication of a much larger problem, Sectionalism. Sectionalism is a relation to a geographical atomic number 18a. So whereas the great unwashed could have felt patriotic towards the United States, they connect more towards the region they lived in and not the country they were a division of.This sectionalism also indicates a difference in the economic, social and political stances of regions such as the North and the southeast, and the era of good feelings continued to entirely widen that gap. Economically, the United States was experiencing growth. But looking further into sectionalism, there are two completely different growths present in the northern United States and the Southern United States. In the north, following the war of 1812, a speedy expansion occurred in the industry of the north.Technological advances such as the textile mills, and factory workers and the increase in the amount of factories in the North servicinged name a gap in the rescue of the north itself. A pooh-pooh class, comprised of the workers, got low wages and produced high quantities of product, and the middle class, who were the businessmen and managers. This rift created a class system which benefited the middle class as well as the Northern United States as a whole, as a exonerate market economy developed and increased. Although this was increase throughout the United States, this economical situation occurred primarily in the North, and much less in the federation.In the south, the economic increase was much different. Because of the large amounts of plantations and farms in the south, new land was needed so that the crops that had dried up the soil could continue to grow and the economy can continue to benefit. This growth in land and economy indicates that the economic benefit in the south came from crops and agricultural might, rather than industrial. These differences help identify that the era of good fe elings and the nationalism that is implied is incorrect and inaccurate, as people have more of a connection towards the land that they make their silver on, which implies sectionalism.Politically, the era of good feelings was extreme pointly off. Even before the war of 1812, there had always been a major difference in the political parties and systems of the government. A major difference in this coming from extremely opposing ideologies of the parties and the miss of integrity among the two. The difference between the parties is also present in Document C, which supplys two different party tents during the fourth of july. Whilst the people are generally happy, the party tents show that the difference is quite evident, and especially how whole one of the tents has an American flag flying above it.This difference helps show the gap in political unity and the disagreement between parties. Also, umteen parties were so discontent with the others, that one (the new England federali sts) offered to secede from the Union so as to follow their own system. This shows that the era of good feelings only helped widen the gap between parties, as more and more minor parties came into existence. Socially, The United States was anything but experiencing an era of good feelings. The country was experiencing major problems as the south and the north fought for the Missouri compromise.The north, wanting a free state, fought for Missouri to be free. The south, wanting more power, wanted Missouri to be a buckle down state. The geographical differences indicate less of a feeling of nationalism and an extreme version of sectionalism. This is also evident in Doc F, A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the idle passions of men, will never be obliterated and every new excitation will mark it deeper and deeper.This quote by Thomas Jefferson emphasizes the difference between the North and South. The usage of the term a geographical line only seems to magnify the situation that the United States is in. If anything nationalism isnt even implied in the document, and the idea of sectionalism strikes itself deep in the line, indicating that the problems between the North and the South is not just a coincidence. It is because of change magnitude tensions and a lack of unity between the two regions.This rift clearly indicates that the era of good feelings is not only extremely inaccurate, but also opposite of what actually is occurring, which is an increasing divide in the country, as sectionalism continues to increase geographically, and socially. The era of good feelings is anything but a good feeling for the United States. The 1800s provide a turbulent earthquake that splits the nation economically, politically, and socially. The most common indication of this is the ever increasing difference in between the North and the South, which would culminate in 1861 with the deadly civil war that would leave about 620,000 Americans dead.

Cloudstreet Prologue

The prologue of Tim Wintons Cloudstreet transcends unrivalled familys sad loss into the realms of the metaphysical, commenting on his situations of livelihood and death. Readers butt contrast these views to our more(prenominal) redbrick ideologies. Through the use of poetic language Winton adds a apparitional come forth to the lives of people living in a secular society. Through imaging he also offers a construction of Australian ethnical identity. apply techniques like point of view, repetition, juxtaposition, symbolism, as well as tapping into Australian bank and language that appeals to the senses, he manages to convey these moods to readers.I think that the change of point of view is one of the more effective techniques Winton uses in this extract. From the beginning where he intelligibly uses an inclusive pronoun to describe the gathering, Will you look at us to the shutdown where the pronoun has switched to exclusive, And you cant help but worry for them This t echnique draws help to the exclusion both of fish, the reason this event took place, and of the reader. We are forced to the sidelines, notice the physical rendering of the families meld into a spiritual description of life and death.This extract proposes ideas about living and dying that are quite diametric to our modern ideologies. Winton suggests that the gentleman of the living is a closed, narrow one, material and foetid. This contrasts to his views on death which is portrayed as a dimension of freedom and all-encompassing vaults and spaces that you can see it all from. He makes this evident done emotional language that appeal to the senses. The ol featureory** word foetid immediately gives the idea of living a negative connotation where silver-skinned river is presented with such a positive, well-favoured image that even the suggestion of death feels beautiful.In fact, Winton discusses water, not only in this extract, but end-to-end the whole novel in highly symboli cal terms. I read, in the prologue, the silver-skinned river to be a portal between the world of the physical and metaphysical. As look for peers into it he sees all the wonders inside it. I believe Winton is conveying the idea that spirituality is a necessary looking at of life. Also the metaphor the sound of it (the water) has been in his ears all his life intensifies the description of angles desire for the metaphysical.The quote One of the here is passing can be seen as very symbolic in the fact that it describes literally Fishs deviation the group and, in the end, leaving this life. But it also could be read to mean how figuratively Fish is transcending from the material world to the physical one through means of the river. sealed phrases are used to enhance this metaphysical portrayal of the world. Images like earthborn vision juxtapose to highlight the idea behind the image, togetherness of the two families. crack up of consciousness is another spiritual, metaphorica l phrase which contributes to the sense of Fishs mind right before death.Referencing time and space, of course, immediately places the images into the world of the metaphysical. I think swapping so easily from materialistic images to spiritual is a quick-witted way of expressing the themes and main ideas of Cloudstreet. As well as a spiritual reading, I see Winton making efforts to allude to a representation of Australian cultural identity. First, the use of Australian vernacular such as chiacking and skylarking sets the place for readers allowing us to see Wintons view of this country. Throughout the novel, and even in this extract, there is a tone of longing for an Australia of the past.An Australia that was never really existant, historically. The totality of the book is a construction of Australian life, a representation of the cultural identity. The cumulating of picnic foods leads to an image of celebration in Australian summer. An image that continues throughout the episodi c narrative of the rest of the book. Australia can be seen as presented through an idealistic lens. For example in a good worlds in the center of our living conveys an ideal Australia of community that anyone who has lived here for more than a sidereal day knows is not always an accurate perception.Winton wanted to express this view so much that he emphasized it through poetic the language technique of repetition to draw attention to the one day, one clear, clean, sweet day. The syntax is meandering in parts as well as sharp-worded and sharp in others to bring emphasis to ideas and images. For example where readers gain both(prenominal) insight into Fishs mind the sentences become far more simple and short. All. He sits. etc in order to express the simplicity of Fishs thoughts. Repetition too portray the thoughts of a more plain minded person. Teeth teeth teeth are the focus of Fishs mind therefore this will be the focus of Wintons description. In reading Tim Wintons flowing, emotive language I build myself understanding this view of life and death more clearly. This extract allows readers to grant their minds to ideas that are quite contrary to our ideologies today. The construction of Australian culture is one infused with a sense of longing and love, something those who also love Australia today can identify with. For that reason, I believe this book has a strong amount of cultural identity despite the fact that its not ineluctably a correct representation.